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Your Last StoP Before the Boards For the sixth consecutive edition of MKSAP, we bring terms of sele cting or choosing a particulqr answ'er, not an you Board Basics, the only publication that compiles intervention in the practice of medicine. Remember that the essential facts and strategies for passing the Internal Board Basics is not a patient care resource' Medicine Certification and Maintenance of Certification (MOC) assessments into one resource, available as a print Content Organization book and an integrated enhancement within the digital Abbreviations, spelled out in a convenient list at the back program for MKSAP 19. We are confident that this content ofthe book, are used frequently to increase reading effi- will continue to meet your needs. ciency. Content is organized by topic and in consistent categories, such as Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis, How to Use Board Basics Testing, Treatment, and Follow-up. Special components have been designed to enhance learning and recall' The goal ofBoard Basics is to prepare you for high stakes assessments after you have completed a systematic Look for: review of MKSAP 19 and its more than 12OO multiple- c Don't Be Tricked: Incorrect answers that may masquerade choice questions. Once again, we have combed through as correct choices. the MKSAP 19 content to produce a concise compilation o Test Yourself Abbreviated case histories and answers of only the information that you will most likely see on found in Board exam questions. the exam. The sections of Board Basics are organized to t StudU Tables, Key concepts to prepare you for specific mirror those of MKSAP, making it easy for you to locate types ofquestions. information within the MKSAP subspecialty sections c Yellow highlighting: We applied our own "marker" to call to further your learning on specific topics as you need. your attention to important phrases. Board Basics is not a concise guide to patient care but, rather, an exam preparation tool to help you quickly recognize the most likely answers on a multiple choice Benefits of This Text exam. Drug dosages are not included because they are For this edition of Board Basics. MKSAP 19 authors rarely, if ever, tested. You will also see many sections reviewed the latest literature and produced concise text in which information has been omitted because it is sections and 1200 Board-like multiple-choice questions. difficult to test or is otherwise unlikely to appear on Next, the content was turned over to 12 carefully selected the exam. program directors, instructors, and professors of medi cine with expertise in Board preparation and the subspe Broad differential diagnoses are not provided for most cialties of internal medicine. These physicians culled the problems. Instead, Board Basics focuses on the enti essential points from MKSAP 19 and added their insights ties that have the highest probability of appearing on to update the content of Board Basics. As Editor-in Chief, the exam as the "correct answers." Critical points that I reviewed and distilled the MKSAP 19 text by eliminat- appear on the exam are often presented here in isolation, ing overlap and excessive material to focus the text as stripped ofcontext that is not relevant to answering a sharply as possible. The end product is what you have in multiple-choice question. If you review these points your hands the best Board prep tool that you will find shortly before your exam, you will have the best chance anpvhere. We hope you enjoy it and benefit from your of remembering what you need to know to be successful. study. Best wishes on your exam. Knowing that most Board questions are prefaced with the words "most likely," we have tried to be very direc Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP tive, skipping important steps in the patient evaluation. Editor-in Chief When you see the words "select" or "choose," think in Board Basics

For the sixth consecutive edition of MKSAP, we bring terms of sele cting or choosing a particulqr answ'er, not an you Board Basics, the only publication that compiles intervention in the practice of medicine. Remember that the essential facts and strategies for passing the Internal Board Basics is not a patient care resource' Medicine Certification and Maintenance of Certification (MOC) assessments into one resource, available as a print Content Organization book and an integrated enhancement within the digital Abbreviations, spelled out in a convenient list at the back program for MKSAP 19. We are confident that this content ofthe book, are used frequently to increase reading effi- will continue to meet your needs. ciency. Content is organized by topic and in consistent categories, such as Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis, How to Use Board Basics Testing, Treatment, and Follow-up. Special components have been designed to enhance learning and recall' The goal ofBoard Basics is to prepare you for high stakes assessments after you have completed a systematic Look for: review of MKSAP 19 and its more than 12OO multiple- c Don't Be Tricked: Incorrect answers that may masquerade choice questions. Once again, we have combed through as correct choices. the MKSAP 19 content to produce a concise compilation o Test Yourself Abbreviated case histories and answers of only the information that you will most likely see on found in Board exam questions. the exam. The sections of Board Basics are organized to t StudU Tables, Key concepts to prepare you for specific mirror those of MKSAP, making it easy for you to locate types ofquestions. information within the MKSAP subspecialty sections c Yellow highlighting: We applied our own "marker" to call to further your learning on specific topics as you need. your attention to important phrases. Board Basics is not a concise guide to patient care but, rather, an exam preparation tool to help you quickly recognize the most likely answers on a multiple choice Benefits of This Text exam. Drug dosages are not included because they are For this edition of Board Basics. MKSAP 19 authors rarely, if ever, tested. You will also see many sections reviewed the latest literature and produced concise text in which information has been omitted because it is sections and 1200 Board-like multiple-choice questions. difficult to test or is otherwise unlikely to appear on Next, the content was turned over to 12 carefully selected the exam. program directors, instructors, and professors of medi cine with expertise in Board preparation and the subspe Broad differential diagnoses are not provided for most cialties of internal medicine. These physicians culled the problems. Instead, Board Basics focuses on the enti essential points from MKSAP 19 and added their insights ties that have the highest probability of appearing on to update the content of Board Basics. As Editor-in Chief, the exam as the "correct answers." Critical points that I reviewed and distilled the MKSAP 19 text by eliminat- appear on the exam are often presented here in isolation, ing overlap and excessive material to focus the text as stripped ofcontext that is not relevant to answering a sharply as possible. The end product is what you have in multiple-choice question. If you review these points your hands the best Board prep tool that you will find shortly before your exam, you will have the best chance anpvhere. We hope you enjoy it and benefit from your of remembering what you need to know to be successful. study. Best wishes on your exam. Knowing that most Board questions are prefaced with the words "most likely," we have tried to be very direc Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP tive, skipping important steps in the patient evaluation. Editor-in Chief When you see the words "select" or "choose," think in Board Basics It

Board Basics Editor-in-Chief GregoryA. Masters, MD, EACP PatrickC. Alguire, MD, EACP Helen E Graham Cancer Center and Research Instifute American College of Physicians Newark, Delaware Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Debendra Pattanaik, MD, EACP Associate Professor University of Tennessee Health Science Center Contributors Memphis, Tennessee Victoria Burke, MD Brian S. Porter, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Attending Cardiologist Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director Exeter Hospital Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Exeter, New Hampshire New Orleans, Louisiana Benjamin T. Suratt, MD MarkDominic Corriere, MD, EACP Clinical Research Director-Immunologr & Inflammation Maryland Endocrine and Diabetes Sanofi Columbia, Maryland Cambridge, Massachusetts AnthonyA. Donato, MD, MHPE, EACP JenniferM. Weiss, MD, MS Professor of Medicine Associate Professor Drexel University College of Medicine Division of Gastroenterologz and Hepatologr West Reading, Pennsylvania University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, MACP Fitchburg, Wisconsin Chair, Department of Medicine Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health JenniferJ. Wright, MD, EACP Abington, Pennsylvania Associate Professor of Medicine Clinical Professor of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson Seattle, Washington University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Consultant NasrollahGhahramani, MD, MS, EACP Dhaval Shah, MD, MBBS Professor of Medicine and Chief of Nephrologr Hematologr/Oncologr Physician Vice Chair for Educational Affairs Helen Fl, Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute Penn State College of Medicine Newark, Delaware Hershey, Pennsylvania

Editor-in-Chief GregoryA. Masters, MD, EACP PatrickC. Alguire, MD, EACP Helen E Graham Cancer Center and Research Instifute American College of Physicians Newark, Delaware Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Debendra Pattanaik, MD, EACP Associate Professor University of Tennessee Health Science Center Contributors Memphis, Tennessee Victoria Burke, MD Brian S. Porter, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Attending Cardiologist Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director Exeter Hospital Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Exeter, New Hampshire New Orleans, Louisiana Benjamin T. Suratt, MD MarkDominic Corriere, MD, EACP Clinical Research Director-Immunologr & Inflammation Maryland Endocrine and Diabetes Sanofi Columbia, Maryland Cambridge, Massachusetts AnthonyA. Donato, MD, MHPE, EACP JenniferM. Weiss, MD, MS Professor of Medicine Associate Professor Drexel University College of Medicine Division of Gastroenterologz and Hepatologr West Reading, Pennsylvania University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, MACP Fitchburg, Wisconsin Chair, Department of Medicine Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health JenniferJ. Wright, MD, EACP Abington, Pennsylvania Associate Professor of Medicine Clinical Professor of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson Seattle, Washington University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Consultant NasrollahGhahramani, MD, MS, EACP Dhaval Shah, MD, MBBS Professor of Medicine and Chief of Nephrologr Hematologr/Oncologr Physician Vice Chair for Educational Affairs Helen Fl, Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute Penn State College of Medicine Newark, Delaware Hershey, Pennsylvania Robert G. Kaniecki, MD Board Basics ACP Editorial Staff Director, UPMC Headache Center Linnea Donnarumma, Senior Medical Editor Chief, Headache Division Becky Krumm, Director, Assessment and Education Director, Headache Fellowship Training Program Programs Associate Director, Neurologz Residency Training Program Jackie TWomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Associate Professor of Neurologr Education Programs University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Robert G. Kaniecki, MD Board Basics ACP Editorial Staff Director, UPMC Headache Center Linnea Donnarumma, Senior Medical Editor Chief, Headache Division Becky Krumm, Director, Assessment and Education Director, Headache Fellowship Training Program Programs Associate Director, Neurologz Residency Training Program Jackie TWomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Associate Professor of Neurologr Education Programs University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania llt