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Welcome to the lnfectious Disease Section of MKSAP 19! ln these pages, you will find updated information on central nervous E stem, skin and soft tissue, urinary tract' fungal' health care-associated, and viral infecflons; mmmunity acquired pnzumonia; tick-bome diseasesi MAcobacteriumilberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections; sexually transmitted infections; bioterrorism; travel medicine; infectious gastrointestinal syndromes; infections in transplant recipients; HMAIDS; and other clinical challenges. All of these topics are uniquely focused on the needs of generalists and subspecialists outside of infectious disease. MKSAP 19 strives to prcvlde the clinical knowledge its learnen need to navigate their longitudinal leaming paths. MKSAP 19's core content mntains essential, newly researched information h 11 subspectalty areas of internal medicine-created by dozens of expert generalists and subspecialists. Development of MKSAP 19's syllabus and its 12oo all-new, peer-rcviewed, psrthometrically validated multiple-choice quesdons (MCQs) has been informed by ABIM C€rtification and Maintenance of Ceftification (MoC) requirements, emerging internal medicine knowledge, and our leamers' feedback. MKSAP 19 continues to include High Volue Core ([IVC) recommendaflons and MCQs, based on the concept ofbalancing clinical benefit with msts and harms. Hospital-based intemlsts can continue to trust that MI(SAP'S comprehensive hospitalist content, integrated thmughout the syllabus, and hospitalist-focused MCQS, specially designated witl the blue hospitalist icon (E), continue to align with the ABIM'S Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine MOC exam blueprint and enhance learning for hospital-based practitioners.

MKSAP 19 strives to prcvlde the clinical knowledge its learnen need to navigate their longitudinal leaming paths. MKSAP 19's core content mntains essential, newly researched information h 11 subspectalty areas of internal medicine-created by dozens of expert generalists and subspecialists. Development of MKSAP 19's syllabus and its 12oo all-new, peer-rcviewed, psrthometrically validated multiple-choice quesdons (MCQs) has been informed by ABIM C€rtification and Maintenance of Ceftification (MoC) requirements, emerging internal medicine knowledge, and our leamers' feedback. MKSAP 19 continues to include High Volue Core ([IVC) recommendaflons and MCQs, based on the concept ofbalancing clinical benefit with msts and harms. Hospital-based intemlsts can continue to trust that MI(SAP'S comprehensive hospitalist content, integrated thmughout the syllabus, and hospitalist-focused MCQS, specially designated witl the blue hospitalist icon (E), continue to align with the ABIM'S Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine MOC exam blueprint and enhance learning for hospital-based practitioners. More than ever before, MKSAP 19 Digital focuses on individuellzed learning and convenience. In addition to custom quizzes and interlinked questions and syllabus sections, MKSAP 19 Digital's new leaming dashboard enables users to create a self- dirccted learning plan, with topic-specific links to resources wlthin MI6AP and ACP Online. Muldmedia formats, including whiteboard animations and clinical videos, will benellt our audiovisual leamers, while MKSAP'S Earn as You-Go CME/MOC feature now allorNs subscribers to eam CME/MOC as they answer individual questions. In addition to Extension Questions and New Info Updates, MKSAP 19 Complete and Complete Green continue to offer Virtual Dx and Flashcards and now offer brand-new enhancements: MKSAP Quick Qs, a set of mncise questions mapped to high-frequency/high-tnportance areas of the ABIM blueprint mirroring boards-style MCQS, and an embedded digital version of Board Basics for easy-access exrm prep.

More than ever before, MKSAP 19 Digital focuses on individuellzed learning and convenience. In addition to custom quizzes and interlinked questions and syllabus sections, MKSAP 19 Digital's new leaming dashboard enables users to create a self- dirccted learning plan, with topic-specific links to resources wlthin MI6AP and ACP Online. Muldmedia formats, including whiteboard animations and clinical videos, will benellt our audiovisual leamers, while MKSAP'S Earn as You-Go CME/MOC feature now allorNs subscribers to eam CME/MOC as they answer individual questions. In addition to Extension Questions and New Info Updates, MKSAP 19 Complete and Complete Green continue to offer Virtual Dx and Flashcards and now offer brand-new enhancements: MKSAP Quick Qs, a set of mncise questions mapped to high-frequency/high-tnportance areas of the ABIM blueprint mirroring boards-style MCQS, and an embedded digital version of Board Basics for easy-access exrm prep. language can be imprecise and imperfect, but MKSAP 19's Editors and contributors mmmit to ust€ Ianguage and images that support ACP'S mmnitment to being an anti-racist oryanization that supports diversity, equity, and inclusion tlroughout health care and health education. ACP also continues to ensure diversity among MKSAP'S ph,sician-contributors. lvhen appropriate, the MKSAP Editors also rely on MKSAP 19 Dtgital's expanded use of multimedia enhancements, including video and audio, to e).plore and more fully explain issues surrounding the presentation of MKSAP 19 clinical content as it relates to race and ethnicity. MKSAP 19 users are encouraged to contact the Editors at mksap editors@acponllne.ory to help us identiry opportunities for improvement in thls arca. On behalf of the many intemists and editorial staffwho have helped us create our new edition, we are honored that you have chosen to use MKSAP 19 to meet your lifelong leaming needs. Sincerely, Davoren Chick, MD, EACP Editor-in-Chief Senior Vice President Medical Education Division American College of Physicians il

lnfectious Disease Committee Jose A. Ytzquez, MD, EACP Patricia D. Brown, MD, MACB Section Editor Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases Professor of Medicine Professor, Department of Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Associate Chief of Staff for Medicine Augusta, Georgia John D. Dingell VA Medical Center Detroit, Michigan Editor-in-Chief Kartikey Acharya, MBBS, MPH Davoren Chick, MD, EACP Assistant Professor of Medicine Senior Vice President, Medical Education Department of Medicine and Population Health American College of Physicians Medical College of Wisconsin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Milwaukee, Wisconsin Karen C. Bloch, MD, MPH, EACP Senior Deputy Editor Professor Patrick C. Alguire, MD, EACP Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease) American College of Physicians Vanderbilt University Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nashville, Tennessee

Karen C. Bloch, MD, MPH, EACP Senior Deputy Editor Professor Patrick C. Alguire, MD, EACP Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease) American College of Physicians Vanderbilt University Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nashville, Tennessee Larry M. Bush, MD, EACP Deputy Editor Affiliated Professor of Clinical Medicine Janet A. Jokela, MD, MPH, EACP Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine Professor & Head, Department of Medicine Florida Atlantic University Acting Regional Dean Affi liated Associate Professor University of Illinois College of Medicine University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine Urbana, Illinois Palm Beach County, Florida, Regional Campus Miami, Florida lnfectious Disease Reviewers Louise M. Dembry MD, MS, MBA, F:ACP Michael Angarone, DO Professor of Medicine /Infectious Diseases Jennifer Hsu, MD, FACP and Epidemiologr Rajasekhar Jagarlamudi, MD Yale University School of Medicine Marisa Miceli, MD, FACP New Haven, Connecticut Armando Paez, MD, FACP Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH Lalitha Parameswaran, MD, MPH, FACP Professor of Medicine Alan Lin Greenberg, MD UTHealth I McGovern Medical School Eric Sachinwalla, MD Department of Infectious Diseases Houston, Texas Hospital Medicine lnfectious Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP Disease Reviewers Richard Vial Professor Susan L. Fraser, MD, EACP Department of Medicine Jean-Luc Benoit, MD, FACP Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center William Cox, DO, MBA, FACP New Orleans, Louisiana Shmuel Shoham, MD, FACP