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Walk the evidence base by book and chapter — the raw source passages that ground Ask, Differential, and the rest.

• A multicenter randomized controlled trial of cyanoacrylate closure and surgical stripping for incompetent great saphenous veins1 passage
• A randomized controlled trial of 3% polidocanol foam with saline prewashing compared with standard foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicose veins1 passage
• A systematic review and meta-analysis for the association between duration of anticoagulation therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower limb superficial venous thrombosis1 passage
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of mechanochemical endovenous ablation using Flebogrif for varicose veins1 passage
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk for development of varicose veins in women with a history of pregnancy1 passage
• A systematic review assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines in chronic venous disease1 passage
• A systematic review of anatomical reflux patterns in primary chronic venous disease1 passage
• A systematic review of contemporary randomized controlled trials for treatment of lower extremity lymphedema by intermittent pneumatic compression devices1 passage
• A systematic review of gender and ethnicity in varicose vein and venous leg ulcer management1 passage
• A systematic review of the outcomes of percutaneous treatment modalities for pathologic saphenous and perforating veins1 passage
• A systematic review on ablation techniques for larger saphenous veins in patients with symptomatic superficial venous disease1 passage
• A systematic review on clinical and imaging criteria for liposuction candidacy in lower extremity lymphedema1 passage
• A systematic review supporting the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American Venous Forum, and the American Vein and Lymphatic Society guidelines on the management of varicose veins1 passage
• A systematic review with meta-analysis on racial and ethnic disparities in acute venous thromboembolism diagnosis and management1 passage
• Application of bacterial cellulose film as a wound dressing in varicose vein surgery: A randomized clinical trial1 passage
• COmpressioN following endovenous TreatmenT of Incompetent varicose veins by sclerotherapy (CONFETTI)1 passage
• Comparative effectiveness of non-compounded polidocanol 1% endovenous microfoam (Varithena) ablation versus endovenous thermal ablation utilizing a systematic review and network meta-analysis1 passage
• Comparative study between foam sclerotherapy and sandwich technique for management of ovarian vein reflux1 passage
• Comparison of clinical outcomes among patients with isolated axial vs muscular calf vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis1 passage
• Comparison of polidocanol endovenous microfoam (Varithena) to physician-compounded foam in sclerotherapy treatment of truncal varicosities: A systematic review and network meta-analysis1 passage
• Cost-effectiveness analysis of current varicose veins treatments1 passage
• Cyanoacrylate glue reactions: A systematic review, cases, and proposed mechanisms1 passage
• Effectiveness of micronized purified flavonoid fraction in early stage chronic venous disease-Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological C0s-C1: A systematic review and meta-analysis1 passage
• Efficacy and safety of cyanoacrylate ablation vs endovenous radiofrequency ablation for varicose veins in chronic great saphenous vein insufficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis1 passage
• Efficacy of complex decongestive therapy on venous flow, internal saphenous diameter, edema, fat mass of the limbs and quality of life in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: A randomized clinical trial1 passage
• Endovenous laser ablation of incompetent great saphenous veins with 1470-nm laser using bare tip and radial fibers results in similar short-term outcomes1 passage
• Endovenous radiofrequency ablation vs laser ablation in patients with lower extremity varicose veins: A meta-analysis1 passage
• Genome-wide association studies in chronic venous disease: A systematic review1 passage
• Incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with isolated calf deep vein thrombosis1 passage
• Intermittent pneumatic compression after varicose vein surgery1 passage
• Laser ablation versus mechanochemical ablation in the treatment of primary varicose veins: A randomized clinical trial1 passage
• Long-term outcomes of electrocoagulation versus radiofrequency thermoablation for varicose veins1 passage
• Long-term outcomes of mechanochemical ablation using the Clarivein device for the treatment of great saphenous vein incompetence1 passage
• Longer term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial on the role of compression after radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins1 passage
• Microsurgical treatment of lower extremity lymphedema: An umbrella systematic review supporting the American Venous Forum and the American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines on management of lymphedema1 passage
• Network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating long-term outcomes of interventional approaches for great saphenous vein insufficiency25 passages
• Network meta-analysis to compare VenaSeal with other superficial venous therapies for chronic venous insufficiency1 passage
• Non-pneumatic compression and its clinical utility in management of lymphedema. A position statement endorsed by the American Venous Forum and the American Venous and Lymphatic Society1 passage
• Pigmentation after foam or cryo-laser cryo-sclerotherapy for lower limb reticular veins: A within-patient randomized trial1 passage
• Reducing hyperpigmentation after sclerotherapy: A randomized clinical trial1 passage
• Roll-in phase analysis of clinical study of cyanoacrylate closure for incompetent great saphenous veins1 passage
• Shortened protocol for radiofrequency ablation of perforator veins1 passage
• Stocking-only versus additional eccentric compression after below-the-knee truncal vein sclerotherapy: A SOVAECS prospective randomized within-person trial1 passage
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of deep venous reflux correction in chronic venous insufficiency1 passage
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of endovenous cyanoacrylate adhesive ablation for incompetent saphenous veins1 passage
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of the anatomic variants of the saphenofemoral junction1 passage
• Systematic review of May-Thurner syndrome with emphasis on gender differences1 passage
• Systematic review of venous thromboembolism risk categories derived from Caprini score1 passage
• Systematic review on the incidence and management of endovenous heat-induced thrombosis following endovenous thermal ablation of the great saphenous vein1 passage
• Ten-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing saphenofemoral ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein with endovenous laser ablation (980 nm) using local tumescent anesthesia1 passage
• The 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part I. Duplex Scanning and Treatment of Superficial Truncal Reflux: Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine and the International Union of Phlebology1 passage
• The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part II: Endorsed by the Society of Interventional Radiology and the Society for Vascular Medicine1 passage
• The anterior saphenous vein. Part 3. Systematic review of the literature and payor coverage policies. Endorsed by the American Vein and Lymphatic Society, the American Venous Forum, and the International Union of Phlebology1 passage
• The randomized, controlled ATLANTIS trial of aquatic therapy for chronic venous insufficiency1 passage
• Three-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing concomitant and staged treatment of varicose veins following mechanochemical ablation of the great saphenous vein1 passage
• Utility of venoactive compounds in post-thrombotic syndrome: A systematic review1 passage
• Vitis vinifera seed extract reduces venous reflux time in patients with varicose veins: VICTORY randomized controlled trial1 passage