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Index Note: Page numbers followed by f and t denote figure and table, respectively. Atorvastatin, 58t, 86, Q37 Test questions are indicated by Q. Atrial fibrillation, cardioembolic stroke and, 30 Autoimmune disorders, 31, 90-91, 90t A Autonomic neuropathies, 83 ABCD scores, TIA scoring system, 29-30, 30t Abdominal fat pad biopsy, Q18 B Absence seizures, 15, 21t Baclofen, 5, 20t, 70, 71 Acetaminophen, 7, 9 Balance impairment, in PD, 51-52 Acetazolamide, for ITH, 5 Basilar skull fractures, 12 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 48-50, Q89 Battle sign, 12f Acid maltase deficiency, 87 Bell palsy, 80 Action tremor, 58t Benserazide, for Parkinson disease, 54t Acute disseminated encephalitis (ADEM), 64t Benzodiazepines, 9, 20t, 25, 59, 70 Acute ischemic stroke, 29f, 34f. See also Ischemic stroke Benzotropine, for PD, 54t Adrenocorticotropin hormone gel, 67 Bevacizumab, for GBM, 88-89 Adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked, 75 Biofeedback, for migraine prevention, 9 Adrenomyeloneuropathy, 75 Birth injury, epilepsy and, 20t Adult-onset leukodystrophies, 65t Bladder dysfunction, in MS, 71 Age/aging, 43, 74-75. See also Older patients Blind spot enlargement, ITH and, 4 Akathisia, 51t, 57t Blood products, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Albuterol, tremor caused by, 58t Botulinum toxin, 57, 59, 71 Alcohol intoxication, seizures and, 20t Brachial plexopathies, 80 Alcohol withdrawal, seizures and, 20t Bradycardia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-related, Q89 Alemtuzumab, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t, 70 Bradykinesia, 51 Almotriptan, for migraine, 8t Brain edema, 89-90, Q42. See also Cerebral edema Alteplase, 33, 34t, Q77 Brain fog, 63 Altered mental status, TBI and, 12 Brain herniation, 89-90, Q42 Alzheimer disease (AD), 42-45, 43t, 44f, Q43 Brain lesions, seizures and, 20t Amantadine, 54-55, 54t, 71, Q59 Brain surgery, epilepsy and, 20t Amiodarone, tremor caused by, 58t Brain tumors, 87, Q39. See also Central nervous system (CNS), tumors Amitriptyline, 9, Q6 Brainstem aura, description of, 6-7 Amphetamines, 4t, 58t, 71 Brivaracetam, adverse effects of, 22t Amyloid beta (AB) plaques, 43 Bupropion, seizures and, 20t Amyloid neuropathy, 83, Q18 Butterbur, for migraine prevention, 9 Amyloidosis, 79t, 83 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 83-84, Q48 c Amyotrophy, in diabetes mellitus, Q75 Cabergoline, for PD, 54t Anisocoria, 13 Caffeine, tremor caused by, 58t Anterior spinal artery infarcts, 74 Cannabis, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Anticoagulation, 2, 14, 33-35, 90t, Q46. See also Antiplatelet therapy Cannabis extracts, for spasticity in MS, 71 Antidepressants, 4t, 50 Carbamazepine Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. See also Specific drugs adverse effects of, 5, 21, 22t, 24, 58t adverse effects of, 21, Q55 for epilepsy, 21, 21t for chorea, 59 laboratory monitoring of, 22t for CNS tumors with seizures, 89-90 for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 congenital malformations and, 24 Carbapenems, seizures and, 20t discontinuing, 21-23 Carbidopa., for PD, 53, 54t, Q33 monitoring use of, 21-23 Carcinomatous meningitis, 87 pharmacologic issues with, 22t Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, 85t, 87 for seizures, 14 Carotid artery dissection, 2 selection of, 21, 21t Carotid ultrasonography, Q95 Antihistamines, tremor caused by, 58t Carpal tunnel syndrome, 77 Antiplatelet therapy, 33-35, 37. See also Anticoagulation Catecholamine-secreting tumors, 4t Antipsychotic drugs, 20t, 50, 59 Cavernous malformations, focal epilepsies and, 15 Anxiety, TBI and, 14 Cavernous sinus thrombosis, 2 Apolipoprotein E e4 (APOE ¢4) allele, 43 Cefepime, seizures and, 20t Apomorphine, for Parkinson disease, 54t Celiac disease, peripheral neuropathy and, 79t Appendicular ataxia, 63 Central nervous system (CNS) Aquaporin-4 antibody testing, Q62 PNS disorders versus, 75t Aripiprazole, 50 primary tumors of, 87-88 Armodafinil, for fatigue in MS, 71 tumors of, 65t, 87t, 89-90, 90t Asphyxia, epilepsy and, 20t vasculitis, 65t Aspirin, 7, 8t, 33, 37 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, 32, 32t, 38 Aspirin-dipyridamole, 37 Cerebral angiography, 4t a-synuclein deposits, 47 Cerebral edema, SAH-related, 32. See also Brain edema Atenolol, 9, 57 Cerebral endovascular procedures, cerebral vasoconstriction Atherosclerosis, 30, 30f, 31f syndrome and, 4t Athetosis, features of, 51t Cerebral vasospasm, SAH and, 36 Athletes Cerebral venous thrombosis, 2, 4t head injury in, 13-14 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 2, 5, 44, 49, QU1, Q22 return to play after TBI, Q23 Cervical dystonia, 59 TBI in, Q90 Cervical vessel dissection, 2, 4t

Note: Page numbers followed by f and t denote figure and table, respectively. Atorvastatin, 58t, 86, Q37 Test questions are indicated by Q. Atrial fibrillation, cardioembolic stroke and, 30 Autoimmune disorders, 31, 90-91, 90t A Autonomic neuropathies, 83 ABCD scores, TIA scoring system, 29-30, 30t Abdominal fat pad biopsy, Q18 B Absence seizures, 15, 21t Baclofen, 5, 20t, 70, 71 Acetaminophen, 7, 9 Balance impairment, in PD, 51-52 Acetazolamide, for ITH, 5 Basilar skull fractures, 12 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 48-50, Q89 Battle sign, 12f Acid maltase deficiency, 87 Bell palsy, 80 Action tremor, 58t Benserazide, for Parkinson disease, 54t Acute disseminated encephalitis (ADEM), 64t Benzodiazepines, 9, 20t, 25, 59, 70 Acute ischemic stroke, 29f, 34f. See also Ischemic stroke Benzotropine, for PD, 54t Adrenocorticotropin hormone gel, 67 Bevacizumab, for GBM, 88-89 Adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked, 75 Biofeedback, for migraine prevention, 9 Adrenomyeloneuropathy, 75 Birth injury, epilepsy and, 20t Adult-onset leukodystrophies, 65t Bladder dysfunction, in MS, 71 Age/aging, 43, 74-75. See also Older patients Blind spot enlargement, ITH and, 4 Akathisia, 51t, 57t Blood products, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Albuterol, tremor caused by, 58t Botulinum toxin, 57, 59, 71 Alcohol intoxication, seizures and, 20t Brachial plexopathies, 80 Alcohol withdrawal, seizures and, 20t Bradycardia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-related, Q89 Alemtuzumab, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t, 70 Bradykinesia, 51 Almotriptan, for migraine, 8t Brain edema, 89-90, Q42. See also Cerebral edema Alteplase, 33, 34t, Q77 Brain fog, 63 Altered mental status, TBI and, 12 Brain herniation, 89-90, Q42 Alzheimer disease (AD), 42-45, 43t, 44f, Q43 Brain lesions, seizures and, 20t Amantadine, 54-55, 54t, 71, Q59 Brain surgery, epilepsy and, 20t Amiodarone, tremor caused by, 58t Brain tumors, 87, Q39. See also Central nervous system (CNS), tumors Amitriptyline, 9, Q6 Brainstem aura, description of, 6-7 Amphetamines, 4t, 58t, 71 Brivaracetam, adverse effects of, 22t Amyloid beta (AB) plaques, 43 Bupropion, seizures and, 20t Amyloid neuropathy, 83, Q18 Butterbur, for migraine prevention, 9 Amyloidosis, 79t, 83 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 83-84, Q48 c Amyotrophy, in diabetes mellitus, Q75 Cabergoline, for PD, 54t Anisocoria, 13 Caffeine, tremor caused by, 58t Anterior spinal artery infarcts, 74 Cannabis, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Anticoagulation, 2, 14, 33-35, 90t, Q46. See also Antiplatelet therapy Cannabis extracts, for spasticity in MS, 71 Antidepressants, 4t, 50 Carbamazepine Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. See also Specific drugs adverse effects of, 5, 21, 22t, 24, 58t adverse effects of, 21, Q55 for epilepsy, 21, 21t for chorea, 59 laboratory monitoring of, 22t for CNS tumors with seizures, 89-90 for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 congenital malformations and, 24 Carbapenems, seizures and, 20t discontinuing, 21-23 Carbidopa., for PD, 53, 54t, Q33 monitoring use of, 21-23 Carcinomatous meningitis, 87 pharmacologic issues with, 22t Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, 85t, 87 for seizures, 14 Carotid artery dissection, 2 selection of, 21, 21t Carotid ultrasonography, Q95 Antihistamines, tremor caused by, 58t Carpal tunnel syndrome, 77 Antiplatelet therapy, 33-35, 37. See also Anticoagulation Catecholamine-secreting tumors, 4t Antipsychotic drugs, 20t, 50, 59 Cavernous malformations, focal epilepsies and, 15 Anxiety, TBI and, 14 Cavernous sinus thrombosis, 2 Apolipoprotein E e4 (APOE ¢4) allele, 43 Cefepime, seizures and, 20t Apomorphine, for Parkinson disease, 54t Celiac disease, peripheral neuropathy and, 79t Appendicular ataxia, 63 Central nervous system (CNS) Aquaporin-4 antibody testing, Q62 PNS disorders versus, 75t Aripiprazole, 50 primary tumors of, 87-88 Armodafinil, for fatigue in MS, 71 tumors of, 65t, 87t, 89-90, 90t Asphyxia, epilepsy and, 20t vasculitis, 65t Aspirin, 7, 8t, 33, 37 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, 32, 32t, 38 Aspirin-dipyridamole, 37 Cerebral angiography, 4t a-synuclein deposits, 47 Cerebral edema, SAH-related, 32. See also Brain edema Atenolol, 9, 57 Cerebral endovascular procedures, cerebral vasoconstriction Atherosclerosis, 30, 30f, 31f syndrome and, 4t Athetosis, features of, 51t Cerebral vasospasm, SAH and, 36 Athletes Cerebral venous thrombosis, 2, 4t head injury in, 13-14 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 2, 5, 44, 49, QU1, Q22 return to play after TBI, Q23 Cervical dystonia, 59 TBI in, Q90 Cervical vessel dissection, 2, 4t 165

Index Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 81 Deutetrabenazine, for chorea, 59 Chorea, 51t, 60t Developmental delay, epilepsy and, 20t Chorea gravidarum, Q57 Diabetes mellitus (DM), 79t, 80-81, 81t, Q75 Choreiform disorders, 59 Diabetic amyotrophy, 80-81 Chronic fatigue, MS and, 71 Diazepam, for CSE, 25 Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), 83 Diclofenac potassium, for migraine, 7, 8t Chronic migraine, criteria for, 7t Diet, 23, 42, 44-45 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 10t Digital subtraction angiography, 4 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), 14, 46-47 Dihydroergotamine, for migraine, 8t Cilostazol, for stroke prevention, 37 Diplopia, 2, 63 Cladribine, for MS, 67, 68t, 70 Donepezil, 44-45, Q43 Clonazepam, 48, 57, 59-61 Dopamine agonists, for PD, 53 Clopidogrel, 33, 37 Dopamine receptor blockers, 57t Clozapine, seizures and, 20t Doxycycline, adverse effects of, Q5 Cluster headaches, 10-11, 10t, Q31 Driving restrictions, seizures and, 23 Cocaine, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Droxidopa, for PD, 54t Cognitive behavioral therapy, 10, 71 Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, 21 Cognitive function, measure of, 13, Q2 Dural arteriovenous fistulas, 74 Cognitive impairment Dural sinus thrombosis, 32t definition of, 39 Dysautonomia, 80 depression screening in, Q13 Dyskinesia, levodopa-related, Q59 in MS, 71, Q2 Dysmetria, 63 patient care in, 39-41 Dystonia, 51t, 57t, 59, 59t, Q21 screening tools, 39 Dystonic tremor, features of, 58t valproic acid and, 24 DYTI1 gene, 59 College seizures, 17 Coma, anesthetically-induced, 25 E Combat veterans, PNES and, 18 Eclampsia, 4t Complex partial seizures, Q9 Ecstasy, 4t Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) Electrocardiograms (ECGs), ambulatory, Q85 acute ischemic stroke, 29f Electroencephalograms (EEGs) in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 4 continuous, Q61 SAH diagnosis using, 32t evaluation after first seizure, 18-19 in stroke diagnosis, 28 focal epilepsies on, 15 stroke evaluation with, Q32 generalized epilepsy on, 16f in thunderclap headache, 2 temporal lobe epilepsy on, 17f Computed tomography (CT) imaging Electromyography (EMG), 76, 82, Q8 acute ischemic stroke, 29f Eletriptan, for migraine, 8t evaluation after first seizure, 18-19 Embolic stroke of undetermined source, 31, Q66, Q85 headaches evaluated using, 1 Encephalitis, seizures and, 20t ICH on, 28, 28f Encephalopathy, NCSE and, 26 indications in TBI, 11t Endarterectomy, 38 noncontrast, 2 Endovascular shunts, placement of, 5 in thunderclap headache, Q91 Endovascular therapy, for ischemic stroke, 33-35 in traumatic brain injury, Q90 Entacapone, for PD, 54t Concussion, 13-14, Q23, Q90 Epidural abscesses, Q86 Confusion Assessment Method, 41 Epidural blood patches (EBP), 5, Q63 Connective tissue disorders, 2, 79t Epidural hematomas, 12-13, 13f, 73 Continuous video EEG monitoring, 19, 19t, Q80 Epilepsy. See also Seizures Contraception, for women with epilepsy, 24 definition of, 14 Conversion disorder, PNES and, 18 diagnostic evaluation in, 17-21 Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), 24-26, 25f, Q14 drug-resistant, 23, Q80 Convulsive syncope, 18, Q93 potential causes of, 20t Copper deficiency, 65t, 74 risk factors for, 20t Cortical dysplasia, 15 sudden unexpected death in, 23 Corticobasal degeneration, Q17 treatment of, 21-23 Corticospinal tract injury, 71-72 Epilepsy monitoring units, 19 Cranial neuralgias, 1 Epilepsy syndromes, 15-17 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), 49-50, Ql. See also Prions Eptinezumab, for migraine prevention, 9 Critical illness neuropathy, 83 Erenumab, for migraine prevention, 9, Q70 Cryoglobulinemia, 79t Ergot alkaloid derivatives, 4t, 8 CSE. See Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) Eslicarbazepine, adverse effects of, 21, 21t Cyclobenzapine, for spasticity in MS, 70 Essential tremor, 56-59, Q76. See also Tremor Cyclosporine, tremor caused by, 58t Ethosuximide, for epilepsy, 21t Exercise, 66-67, Q25 D Explosive blasts, 14 Dabigatran, for cerebral venous thrombosis, 2 External ventricular drainage, 35-36 Dalfampridine, 71, Q29 Decompressive hemicraniectomy, 38 F Deep brain stimulation (DBS), 55, 59, Q76 Facial nerve palsy, Q82 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 12 Facial pain, 1-11 Dehydration, cerebral venous thrombosis and, 2 Falls, screening in PD, 52 Delirium, 41, 41t, 42t, Q30, Q38, Q56 Fatigue, 71, Q84 Dementia syndromes, 40, 40f, 42-50, Q25, Q28 Felbamate, 22t Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 43t, 47-48, 47t, Q53, Q88 Fenofibrate, 86 Demyelinating symmetric neuropathy, 79t Feverfew, for migraine prevention, 9 Dental infections, headaches and, 2 Fevers, 12, 20t Depression Fingolimod, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t, 69 AEDs and risk of, 21 Fistulas, myelopathy and, 74 MS and, 71 Fluoroquinolones, seizures and, 20t screening for, 52, Q1, Q13, Q26 Fluoxetine, tremor caused by, 58t TBI and, 14 Focal adult-onset dystonias, 59

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 81 Deutetrabenazine, for chorea, 59 Chorea, 51t, 60t Developmental delay, epilepsy and, 20t Chorea gravidarum, Q57 Diabetes mellitus (DM), 79t, 80-81, 81t, Q75 Choreiform disorders, 59 Diabetic amyotrophy, 80-81 Chronic fatigue, MS and, 71 Diazepam, for CSE, 25 Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), 83 Diclofenac potassium, for migraine, 7, 8t Chronic migraine, criteria for, 7t Diet, 23, 42, 44-45 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 10t Digital subtraction angiography, 4 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), 14, 46-47 Dihydroergotamine, for migraine, 8t Cilostazol, for stroke prevention, 37 Diplopia, 2, 63 Cladribine, for MS, 67, 68t, 70 Donepezil, 44-45, Q43 Clonazepam, 48, 57, 59-61 Dopamine agonists, for PD, 53 Clopidogrel, 33, 37 Dopamine receptor blockers, 57t Clozapine, seizures and, 20t Doxycycline, adverse effects of, Q5 Cluster headaches, 10-11, 10t, Q31 Driving restrictions, seizures and, 23 Cocaine, cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Droxidopa, for PD, 54t Cognitive behavioral therapy, 10, 71 Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, 21 Cognitive function, measure of, 13, Q2 Dural arteriovenous fistulas, 74 Cognitive impairment Dural sinus thrombosis, 32t definition of, 39 Dysautonomia, 80 depression screening in, Q13 Dyskinesia, levodopa-related, Q59 in MS, 71, Q2 Dysmetria, 63 patient care in, 39-41 Dystonia, 51t, 57t, 59, 59t, Q21 screening tools, 39 Dystonic tremor, features of, 58t valproic acid and, 24 DYTI1 gene, 59 College seizures, 17 Coma, anesthetically-induced, 25 E Combat veterans, PNES and, 18 Eclampsia, 4t Complex partial seizures, Q9 Ecstasy, 4t Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) Electrocardiograms (ECGs), ambulatory, Q85 acute ischemic stroke, 29f Electroencephalograms (EEGs) in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 4 continuous, Q61 SAH diagnosis using, 32t evaluation after first seizure, 18-19 in stroke diagnosis, 28 focal epilepsies on, 15 stroke evaluation with, Q32 generalized epilepsy on, 16f in thunderclap headache, 2 temporal lobe epilepsy on, 17f Computed tomography (CT) imaging Electromyography (EMG), 76, 82, Q8 acute ischemic stroke, 29f Eletriptan, for migraine, 8t evaluation after first seizure, 18-19 Embolic stroke of undetermined source, 31, Q66, Q85 headaches evaluated using, 1 Encephalitis, seizures and, 20t ICH on, 28, 28f Encephalopathy, NCSE and, 26 indications in TBI, 11t Endarterectomy, 38 noncontrast, 2 Endovascular shunts, placement of, 5 in thunderclap headache, Q91 Endovascular therapy, for ischemic stroke, 33-35 in traumatic brain injury, Q90 Entacapone, for PD, 54t Concussion, 13-14, Q23, Q90 Epidural abscesses, Q86 Confusion Assessment Method, 41 Epidural blood patches (EBP), 5, Q63 Connective tissue disorders, 2, 79t Epidural hematomas, 12-13, 13f, 73 Continuous video EEG monitoring, 19, 19t, Q80 Epilepsy. See also Seizures Contraception, for women with epilepsy, 24 definition of, 14 Conversion disorder, PNES and, 18 diagnostic evaluation in, 17-21 Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), 24-26, 25f, Q14 drug-resistant, 23, Q80 Convulsive syncope, 18, Q93 potential causes of, 20t Copper deficiency, 65t, 74 risk factors for, 20t Cortical dysplasia, 15 sudden unexpected death in, 23 Corticobasal degeneration, Q17 treatment of, 21-23 Corticospinal tract injury, 71-72 Epilepsy monitoring units, 19 Cranial neuralgias, 1 Epilepsy syndromes, 15-17 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), 49-50, Ql. See also Prions Eptinezumab, for migraine prevention, 9 Critical illness neuropathy, 83 Erenumab, for migraine prevention, 9, Q70 Cryoglobulinemia, 79t Ergot alkaloid derivatives, 4t, 8 CSE. See Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) Eslicarbazepine, adverse effects of, 21, 21t Cyclobenzapine, for spasticity in MS, 70 Essential tremor, 56-59, Q76. See also Tremor Cyclosporine, tremor caused by, 58t Ethosuximide, for epilepsy, 21t Exercise, 66-67, Q25 D Explosive blasts, 14 Dabigatran, for cerebral venous thrombosis, 2 External ventricular drainage, 35-36 Dalfampridine, 71, Q29 Decompressive hemicraniectomy, 38 F Deep brain stimulation (DBS), 55, 59, Q76 Facial nerve palsy, Q82 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 12 Facial pain, 1-11 Dehydration, cerebral venous thrombosis and, 2 Falls, screening in PD, 52 Delirium, 41, 41t, 42t, Q30, Q38, Q56 Fatigue, 71, Q84 Dementia syndromes, 40, 40f, 42-50, Q25, Q28 Felbamate, 22t Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 43t, 47-48, 47t, Q53, Q88 Fenofibrate, 86 Demyelinating symmetric neuropathy, 79t Feverfew, for migraine prevention, 9 Dental infections, headaches and, 2 Fevers, 12, 20t Depression Fingolimod, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t, 69 AEDs and risk of, 21 Fistulas, myelopathy and, 74 MS and, 71 Fluoroquinolones, seizures and, 20t screening for, 52, Q1, Q13, Q26 Fluoxetine, tremor caused by, 58t TBI and, 14 Focal adult-onset dystonias, 59 166

Focal aware seizures, 15t Horner syndrome, partial, 2 Focal cortical dysplasia, 16f Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection, 65t, 74 Focal dyscognitive seizures, Q9 Huntington disease, 59 Focal epilepsies, 15-17 Hydrocephalus, SAH-related, 32 Focal impaired awareness seizures, Q9 Hydrochlorothiazide, adverse effects of, Q89 Focal seizures, 14, 21t Hyperammonemia, seizures and, 20t Focused stereotactic radiation, 5 Hypercalcemia, seizures and, 20t Folate supplementation, 24 Hypercoagulable states, 2, 31, 65t Fosphenytoin, 25, Q14 Hyperglycemia, ischemic stroke and, 35 Fremanezumab, for migraine prevention, 9 Hypernatremia, seizures and, 20t Frontotemporal dementias (FTDs), 43t, 45, 46f, Q52 Hypertension, 2, 35, Q35, Q72, Q81 Frovatriptan, for migraine, 8t Hypocalcemia, seizures and, 20t Fumaric acid esters, 68t, 70 Hypoglycemia, seizures and, 20t Hypokinetic movement disorders, 50-56 G Hypomagnesemia, seizures and, 20t Gabapentin Hyponatremia, 20t, 21 adverse effects of, 22t Hypotension, 74, Q33 for epilepsy, 21t, Q45 Hypothyroidism, myopathy in, Q36 for essential tremor, 57 Hypoxia, seizures and, 20t in older patients, 21, 24 for restless leg syndrome, 61 I for spasticity in MS, 70-71 Ibuprofen, for migraine, 7, 8t for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 Idiopathic generalized epilepsies, 17 Gait changes, 48 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), 4-5, Q5 dalfampridine in MS, Q29 Idiopathic thrombosis, anticoagulation in, 2 movement disorders and, 50-52 Idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM), 64t, 73-74 in MS, 63 IIH. See Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) spinal cord injury and, 71-72 Immunosuppressants, 4t, 67-70 Gait safety training, 71 Infectious neuropathy, 79t Galantamine, 44-45 Influenza vaccinations, 67, Q87 Galcanezumab, 9, 10 Insomnia, TBI and, 14 Gamma Knife radiation, 5 Intensive care units (ICUs), EEG monitoring in, 19, 19t Ganglionopathies, 76t Intention tremor, 58t Gemfibrozil, toxic myopathies and, 86 Interferon beta-1la, 68t, 69, Q50 Gender, AD and, 43 Internal carotid artery (ICA), 3f, 31f, Q78 General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition, 39 International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), 6 Generalized seizures, 14, 21t Intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy, 33 Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), 14-15, 17 Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) diagnosis of, Q4 findings in, 32 PNES versus, 19t ICH scores and, 32t risk to fetuses, 24 imaging of, 28-29, 28f status epilepticus and, 25 nicardipine for hypertension in, Q81 sudden unexpected death in, 23 presentation of, 26 syncope versus, 18t treatment of, 35-36 Ginko biloba, for fatigue in MS, 71 Intracranial arterial aneurysms, 37, Q40 Glasgow Coma Scale, 11, 11t Intracranial hypotension, 5, Q63 Glatiramer acetate, 68t, 69 Intracranial pressure (ICP), 2, 32, 87 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 88-89, 88f Intracranial transverse sinus stenosis, 5 Glucocorticoids Iron deficiency, RLS and, 61, Q68 adverse effects of, S8t, 67 Ischemia, seizures and, 20t for cluster headaches, 10 Ischemic stroke for MG, 84 alteplase for, Q77 for MS exacerbations, 67, Q65 BP management in, Q72 for spinal cord compression, Q49 cardioembolic, 30-31 for status migrainosus, 8 CT scan of, 29f for traumatic spinal cord compression, 73 definition of, 26 Glycemic control, in severe TBI, 12 evaluation of, Q32 Glycerol injection, for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 hypertension in, Q35 GTCS. See Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) large artery, 30 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 81-82, Q73 thrombolysis in, Q60 treatment of, 33-35 H Haloperidol, tremor caused by, 58t Jj Head injuries, 11-13. See also Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Jannetta procedure, 5. See also Posterior fossa microvascular decompression in athletes, 13-14 Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), 17, Q71 cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t diagnosis of TES in, Q16 K in military personnel, 14, Q1 Kaiser-Fleischer rings, 57f PNES and, 18 Ketogenic diets, 23 seizures and, 20t Ketorolac, for status migrainosus, 8 Headache disorders, 1-12, 1t, 10t, 87. See also Specific types of headache Kidney failure, seizures and, 20t HELLP syndrome, 4t Kinetic tremor, 58t Hematomas, intracerebral, 35-36 Hemiballismus, 51t L Hemicrania continua, 10t Labetalol, 33, Q72 Hemiplegic auras, 6-7 Lacosamide, 22t, 89-90 Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, 21 Lacunar infarcts, 31 Hemorrhagic stroke, 26, 32, 35-36 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, 84-85 Hepatic failure, seizures and, 20t Lamotrigine Herpes simplex virus, ITM and, 74 adverse effects of, 22t, 58t, Q45 Hippocampal atrophy, 15, 44f, Q41 contraindications, 21t HIV infection, 65t for epilepsy, 21t, 24

Focal aware seizures, 15t Horner syndrome, partial, 2 Focal cortical dysplasia, 16f Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection, 65t, 74 Focal dyscognitive seizures, Q9 Huntington disease, 59 Focal epilepsies, 15-17 Hydrocephalus, SAH-related, 32 Focal impaired awareness seizures, Q9 Hydrochlorothiazide, adverse effects of, Q89 Focal seizures, 14, 21t Hyperammonemia, seizures and, 20t Focused stereotactic radiation, 5 Hypercalcemia, seizures and, 20t Folate supplementation, 24 Hypercoagulable states, 2, 31, 65t Fosphenytoin, 25, Q14 Hyperglycemia, ischemic stroke and, 35 Fremanezumab, for migraine prevention, 9 Hypernatremia, seizures and, 20t Frontotemporal dementias (FTDs), 43t, 45, 46f, Q52 Hypertension, 2, 35, Q35, Q72, Q81 Frovatriptan, for migraine, 8t Hypocalcemia, seizures and, 20t Fumaric acid esters, 68t, 70 Hypoglycemia, seizures and, 20t Hypokinetic movement disorders, 50-56 G Hypomagnesemia, seizures and, 20t Gabapentin Hyponatremia, 20t, 21 adverse effects of, 22t Hypotension, 74, Q33 for epilepsy, 21t, Q45 Hypothyroidism, myopathy in, Q36 for essential tremor, 57 Hypoxia, seizures and, 20t in older patients, 21, 24 for restless leg syndrome, 61 I for spasticity in MS, 70-71 Ibuprofen, for migraine, 7, 8t for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 Idiopathic generalized epilepsies, 17 Gait changes, 48 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), 4-5, Q5 dalfampridine in MS, Q29 Idiopathic thrombosis, anticoagulation in, 2 movement disorders and, 50-52 Idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM), 64t, 73-74 in MS, 63 IIH. See Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) spinal cord injury and, 71-72 Immunosuppressants, 4t, 67-70 Gait safety training, 71 Infectious neuropathy, 79t Galantamine, 44-45 Influenza vaccinations, 67, Q87 Galcanezumab, 9, 10 Insomnia, TBI and, 14 Gamma Knife radiation, 5 Intensive care units (ICUs), EEG monitoring in, 19, 19t Ganglionopathies, 76t Intention tremor, 58t Gemfibrozil, toxic myopathies and, 86 Interferon beta-1la, 68t, 69, Q50 Gender, AD and, 43 Internal carotid artery (ICA), 3f, 31f, Q78 General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition, 39 International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), 6 Generalized seizures, 14, 21t Intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy, 33 Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), 14-15, 17 Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) diagnosis of, Q4 findings in, 32 PNES versus, 19t ICH scores and, 32t risk to fetuses, 24 imaging of, 28-29, 28f status epilepticus and, 25 nicardipine for hypertension in, Q81 sudden unexpected death in, 23 presentation of, 26 syncope versus, 18t treatment of, 35-36 Ginko biloba, for fatigue in MS, 71 Intracranial arterial aneurysms, 37, Q40 Glasgow Coma Scale, 11, 11t Intracranial hypotension, 5, Q63 Glatiramer acetate, 68t, 69 Intracranial pressure (ICP), 2, 32, 87 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 88-89, 88f Intracranial transverse sinus stenosis, 5 Glucocorticoids Iron deficiency, RLS and, 61, Q68 adverse effects of, S8t, 67 Ischemia, seizures and, 20t for cluster headaches, 10 Ischemic stroke for MG, 84 alteplase for, Q77 for MS exacerbations, 67, Q65 BP management in, Q72 for spinal cord compression, Q49 cardioembolic, 30-31 for status migrainosus, 8 CT scan of, 29f for traumatic spinal cord compression, 73 definition of, 26 Glycemic control, in severe TBI, 12 evaluation of, Q32 Glycerol injection, for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 hypertension in, Q35 GTCS. See Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) large artery, 30 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 81-82, Q73 thrombolysis in, Q60 treatment of, 33-35 H Haloperidol, tremor caused by, 58t Jj Head injuries, 11-13. See also Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Jannetta procedure, 5. See also Posterior fossa microvascular decompression in athletes, 13-14 Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), 17, Q71 cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t diagnosis of TES in, Q16 K in military personnel, 14, Q1 Kaiser-Fleischer rings, 57f PNES and, 18 Ketogenic diets, 23 seizures and, 20t Ketorolac, for status migrainosus, 8 Headache disorders, 1-12, 1t, 10t, 87. See also Specific types of headache Kidney failure, seizures and, 20t HELLP syndrome, 4t Kinetic tremor, 58t Hematomas, intracerebral, 35-36 Hemiballismus, 51t L Hemicrania continua, 10t Labetalol, 33, Q72 Hemiplegic auras, 6-7 Lacosamide, 22t, 89-90 Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, 21 Lacunar infarcts, 31 Hemorrhagic stroke, 26, 32, 35-36 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, 84-85 Hepatic failure, seizures and, 20t Lamotrigine Herpes simplex virus, ITM and, 74 adverse effects of, 22t, 58t, Q45 Hippocampal atrophy, 15, 44f, Q41 contraindications, 21t HIV infection, 65t for epilepsy, 21t, 24 167

Index Lamotrigine (Continued) treatment of, 7-8, Q58 mood stabilization and, 21 types of, 6, 6f, 6t, 7, 7t for older adults, Q74 zolmitriptan for, Q51 for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 41-42, Q41 for women with epilepsy, 24 Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, 14 Lasmiditan, 8 Military personnel, head injuries in, 14, Q1 Levetiracetam Mini-Cog, 39, Q13 adverse effects of, 21, 22t, Q55 Mitochondrial myopathies, 86, Q20 for CNS tumors with seizures, 89-90 Mitoxantrone, for MS, 67, 69t, 70 for CSE, 25 Modafinil, for fatigue in MS, 71 for epilepsy, 21t, 24 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 4t for JME, Q71 Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, 79t in severe TBI, 12 Mononeuropathies, 77-80 for women with epilepsy, 24 Morphine, seizures and, 20t Levodopa, 53, 54t, 59, 61, Q59 Motor neuron diseases, 76t Levothyroxine, tremor caused by, 58t Movement disorders, 50-62 Lhermitte sign, 63 classification of, 51t Lifestyle modifications. See also Diet in MS, 71 in Alzheimer disease, 44-45 Multifocal motor neuropathy, 79t in MS, 66-67 Multiple myeloma, peripheral neuropathy and, 79t for sleep-related movement disorders, 61 Multiple sclerosis (MS) Limb tremor, in MS, 71 acute exacerbations, 67 Limbic encephalitis, 90, 90t clinical course of, 64-66, Q69 Lithium, 20t, 58t cognitive dysfunction in, Q2 Lovastatin, toxic myopathies and, 86 dalfampridine for gait in, Q29 Low-molecular weight heparin, 2 depression screening in, Q26 Lumbar puncture, 2, 5, 28, Q47 diagnosis of, 63-66, 64t-65t Lumboperitoneal shunting, 5 management of, 66-71, Q65 Lumbosacral plexopathies, 80 MIR, 63f Lyme disease, 65t, 74 at onset, 66f presentation, 62-63 M progressive, Q50 Macrocytic anemia, myelopathy and, 74 pseudorelapse of, Q94 Magnesium, for migraine prevention, 9 trigeminal neuralgia and, 5 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) vaccinations in, Q87 in intracranial arterial aneurysms, Q40 Muscle relaxants, for tension-type headaches, 9 in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 4 Muscular dystrophies, 85t SAH diagnosis using, 32t Myasthenia gravis (MG), 84-85, Q54 in stroke diagnosis, 28-29 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 74 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Myelitis, in MS, 62 dementia evaluation using, Q28 Myelopathies, 71-75, 76t for epidural abscesses, Q86 Myeloproliferative disorders, 2 evaluation after first seizure, 18-19 Myoclonic seizures, Q34 in facial nerve palsy, Q82 Myoclonus, 15, 51t, 60, 60t, Q96 headaches evaluated using, 1 Myopathies meningioma management, Q10 adult-onset, 86-87 in stroke diagnosis, 28 classification of, 76t, 85-86, 85t Magnetic resonance perfusion, 28 differential diagnoses, 86t Magnetic resonance venography (MRV), 5 drug-induced, Q37 Magnetic therapy, for fatigue in MS, 71 endocrine-related, 85t, 86 Major congenital malformations (MCMs), 24 hypothyroid, Q36 Mannitol, for elevated ICP, 12, 36, Q42 inflammatory, 85t, 86 Marijuana, for spasticity in MS, 70-71 inherited, 85t, 86 McArdle disease, 87 mitochondrial, Q20 Medicare Annual Wellness Visits, 39 neuropathies versus, 85-86 Medication overuse headaches (MOHs), 6, Q12 spinal CT evaluation in, Q3 Medication-induced psychosis, 55 toxic, 85t, 86 Melanoma, features of, 65t Myotonic dystrophy, 86t Melatonin supplementation, 48, 61 Memory Impairment Screen, 39 N Meningiomas, 87-88, 88f, Q10 Naproxen sodium, for migraine, 7, 8t Meningitis, 4t, 20t, 87 Naratriptan, for migraine, 8t Meperidine, seizures and, 20t Natalizumab, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t, 69, 70 Mesial temporal sclerosis, 15, 16f, 23 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), 26-27, 26t-27t Methadone, for RLS, 61 NCSE. See Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) Methamphetamines, 4t Nerve biopsies, diagnostic use of, 76-77 Methotrexate, for PCNSL, 89 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 57t, 62 Methylphenidate, tremor caused by, 58t Neuromuscular disorders, 77f Metoclopramide, for migraines, 8 Neuromuscular junction disorders, 76t Metronidazole, seizures and, 20t Neuromyelitis optica, 64t, 74, Q62 Metroprolol, for migraine prevention, 9 Neuropathic pain, in MS, 71 Mexiletine, tremor caused by, 58t Neuropathic tremor, 58t Micrographia, 51 Neuropathies Midazolam, 25 amyloid, 83, Q18 Middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis, 30f autonomic, 83 Middle meningeal artery laceration, 13 critical illness and, 83 Migraine demyelinating symmetric, 79t cervical vessel dissection and, 2 DM and, 80-81 diagnosis of, 6, Q92 hereditary, 81, 82f episodic, Q79 infectious, 79t features of, 65t mononeuropathies, 77-80 prevention of, 8-9, Q70 multifocal motor, 79t

Lamotrigine (Continued) treatment of, 7-8, Q58 mood stabilization and, 21 types of, 6, 6f, 6t, 7, 7t for older adults, Q74 zolmitriptan for, Q51 for trigeminal neuralgia, 5 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 41-42, Q41 for women with epilepsy, 24 Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, 14 Lasmiditan, 8 Military personnel, head injuries in, 14, Q1 Levetiracetam Mini-Cog, 39, Q13 adverse effects of, 21, 22t, Q55 Mitochondrial myopathies, 86, Q20 for CNS tumors with seizures, 89-90 Mitoxantrone, for MS, 67, 69t, 70 for CSE, 25 Modafinil, for fatigue in MS, 71 for epilepsy, 21t, 24 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 4t for JME, Q71 Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, 79t in severe TBI, 12 Mononeuropathies, 77-80 for women with epilepsy, 24 Morphine, seizures and, 20t Levodopa, 53, 54t, 59, 61, Q59 Motor neuron diseases, 76t Levothyroxine, tremor caused by, 58t Movement disorders, 50-62 Lhermitte sign, 63 classification of, 51t Lifestyle modifications. See also Diet in MS, 71 in Alzheimer disease, 44-45 Multifocal motor neuropathy, 79t in MS, 66-67 Multiple myeloma, peripheral neuropathy and, 79t for sleep-related movement disorders, 61 Multiple sclerosis (MS) Limb tremor, in MS, 71 acute exacerbations, 67 Limbic encephalitis, 90, 90t clinical course of, 64-66, Q69 Lithium, 20t, 58t cognitive dysfunction in, Q2 Lovastatin, toxic myopathies and, 86 dalfampridine for gait in, Q29 Low-molecular weight heparin, 2 depression screening in, Q26 Lumbar puncture, 2, 5, 28, Q47 diagnosis of, 63-66, 64t-65t Lumboperitoneal shunting, 5 management of, 66-71, Q65 Lumbosacral plexopathies, 80 MIR, 63f Lyme disease, 65t, 74 at onset, 66f presentation, 62-63 M progressive, Q50 Macrocytic anemia, myelopathy and, 74 pseudorelapse of, Q94 Magnesium, for migraine prevention, 9 trigeminal neuralgia and, 5 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) vaccinations in, Q87 in intracranial arterial aneurysms, Q40 Muscle relaxants, for tension-type headaches, 9 in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 4 Muscular dystrophies, 85t SAH diagnosis using, 32t Myasthenia gravis (MG), 84-85, Q54 in stroke diagnosis, 28-29 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 74 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Myelitis, in MS, 62 dementia evaluation using, Q28 Myelopathies, 71-75, 76t for epidural abscesses, Q86 Myeloproliferative disorders, 2 evaluation after first seizure, 18-19 Myoclonic seizures, Q34 in facial nerve palsy, Q82 Myoclonus, 15, 51t, 60, 60t, Q96 headaches evaluated using, 1 Myopathies meningioma management, Q10 adult-onset, 86-87 in stroke diagnosis, 28 classification of, 76t, 85-86, 85t Magnetic resonance perfusion, 28 differential diagnoses, 86t Magnetic resonance venography (MRV), 5 drug-induced, Q37 Magnetic therapy, for fatigue in MS, 71 endocrine-related, 85t, 86 Major congenital malformations (MCMs), 24 hypothyroid, Q36 Mannitol, for elevated ICP, 12, 36, Q42 inflammatory, 85t, 86 Marijuana, for spasticity in MS, 70-71 inherited, 85t, 86 McArdle disease, 87 mitochondrial, Q20 Medicare Annual Wellness Visits, 39 neuropathies versus, 85-86 Medication overuse headaches (MOHs), 6, Q12 spinal CT evaluation in, Q3 Medication-induced psychosis, 55 toxic, 85t, 86 Melanoma, features of, 65t Myotonic dystrophy, 86t Melatonin supplementation, 48, 61 Memory Impairment Screen, 39 N Meningiomas, 87-88, 88f, Q10 Naproxen sodium, for migraine, 7, 8t Meningitis, 4t, 20t, 87 Naratriptan, for migraine, 8t Meperidine, seizures and, 20t Natalizumab, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t, 69, 70 Mesial temporal sclerosis, 15, 16f, 23 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), 26-27, 26t-27t Methadone, for RLS, 61 NCSE. See Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) Methamphetamines, 4t Nerve biopsies, diagnostic use of, 76-77 Methotrexate, for PCNSL, 89 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 57t, 62 Methylphenidate, tremor caused by, 58t Neuromuscular disorders, 77f Metoclopramide, for migraines, 8 Neuromuscular junction disorders, 76t Metronidazole, seizures and, 20t Neuromyelitis optica, 64t, 74, Q62 Metroprolol, for migraine prevention, 9 Neuropathic pain, in MS, 71 Mexiletine, tremor caused by, 58t Neuropathic tremor, 58t Micrographia, 51 Neuropathies Midazolam, 25 amyloid, 83, Q18 Middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis, 30f autonomic, 83 Middle meningeal artery laceration, 13 critical illness and, 83 Migraine demyelinating symmetric, 79t cervical vessel dissection and, 2 DM and, 80-81 diagnosis of, 6, Q92 hereditary, 81, 82f episodic, Q79 infectious, 79t features of, 65t mononeuropathies, 77-80 prevention of, 8-9, Q70 multifocal motor, 79t 168

Index myopathies versus, 85-86 Phenylpropanolamine, 4t Phenytoin paraproteinemic, 83 peripheral, 75-77, 76t, 78f, 79t adverse effects of, 22t, 24, 25 peroneal, 77, 79, Q8 for CSE, 25 polyneuropathies, 80-83 laboratory monitoring of, 22t proximal lumbosacral, 80-81 pharmacologic issues with, 22t radial, 77 in severe TBI, 12 ulnar, 77 Phenytoin, for epilepsy, 21 Neurosyphilis, ITM and, 74 Physical abuse, PNES and, 18 Nicardipine, for hypertension, 33, Q81 Physical therapy, in MS, 71 Nicotine, 4t, 58t Pimavanserin, for PD, 54t, 55 Nimodipine, 57, Q7 Plasmapheresis, 67, 82, 84 Nitroglycerin, ICP and, 35 Plexopathies, 77 Nitroprusside, ICP and, 35 Plexopathy, classification of, 76t Nitrosoureas, for GBM, 88-89 PNES. See Psychogenic nonepileptic spells/events (PNES) Nitrous oxide abuse, 74 POEMS syndrome, 79t, 83 Noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, 35 Polyarteritis nodosa, 79t Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), 24-26, Q61 Polycystic kidney disease, 2 Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), 43t, 48-49, 48f, Q22 Polycythemia, 65t Nursing, by women with epilepsy, 24 Polyneuropathies, 80-83 Nutritional support, in severe TBI, 12 Polysomnography, 61, Q84 Pompe disease, 85t, 87 0 Porphyria, peripheral neuropathy and, 79t Occupational therapy in MS, 71 Posterior fossa microvascular decompression, 5. Ocrelizumab, for MS, 69, 69t, 70 See also Jannetta procedure Ofatumumab, for MS, 69t, 70 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 14, 18, Ql Olanzapine, 50, 58t Postural tremor, 58t Older patients, 14, 21t, 24, Q74 POUND mnemonic, 6, 9 Onabotulinum toxin A, 9 Pramipexole, 53, 54t, 61 Ophthalmoplegia, 2, 4 Preeclampsia, 4t Opioids, 9, 61 Pregabalin, 21t, 22t, 61 Optic disc pallor, 62 Pregnancy Optic globes, posterior, 4 cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Optic nerve atrophy, 62f cerebral venous thrombosis and, 2 Optic nerve papillitis, 62f chorea gravidarum in, Q57 Optic nerve sheaths, 4 MS and, 67 Optic neuritis, 62f, QIS in women with epilepsy, 24 Oral contraceptive use, 2, 24 Preterm birth, epilepsy and, 20t Orbital pain, 2 Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), 89, Q67 Orthostatic tremor, 58t Primary cough headache, 10t Oscillopsia, 63 Primary exercise headache, 10t Osmotherapy, ICP reduction using, 36 Primary headache associated with sexual activity, 10t Oxcarbazepine, 5, 21, 21t, 22t Primary progressive aphasias (PPAs), 46 Oxycodone-naloxone, for RLS, 61 Primary stabbing headache, 10t Oxygen, supplemental, 35 Primidone, for essential tremor, 57 Oxygen inhalation, for cluster headaches, 10 Prions, neurodegenerative disease and, 49-50. See also Ozanimod, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) Procainamide, tremor caused by, 58t P Prochlorperazine, for migraine, 8, 8t Papilledema, IIH and, 4 Propofol, coma induced by, 25 Paraneoplastic syndromes, 65t, 79t, 90-91, 90t Propranolol, 9, 57 Paraproteinemic neuropathy, 83 Proptosis, 2 Parkinson disease (PD), 51-56 Proximal lumbosacral radiculoneuropathy, 80-81 depression screening in, 52 Pseudobulbar affect, 71 diagnosis of, 51-52 Pseudoephedrine, 4t drug-induced, 56 Psychogenic loss of consciousness, 18 evaluation for DBS in, 55f Psychogenic movement disorders, 51t idiopathic, 56 Psychogenic nonepileptic spells/events (PNES), 18, 19t management of, 53-56, Q33 Puerperium, 4t medications for, 54t Pyridostigmine, for MG, 84 nonmotor symptoms of, 52t Parkinson disease dementia, 47-48 Qa Parkinsonism, 24, 51t, 53t Quetiapine, for PD, 54t Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome, 62 Parkinson-plus syndromes, 50, 56, 56t, QI7 R Paroxetine, for delirium, Q30 Radial mononeuropathy, 77 Patent foramen ovale (PTO), 31 Radiculopathy, classification of, 76t Pentobarbital, coma induced by, 25 Ramelteon, for delirium, 41 Perampanel, adverse effects of, 21, 22t Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), Q44 Percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation, 5 Rapidly progressive dementia, 49-50 Pergolide, for RLS, 61 Rasagiline, for PD, 54t Periorbital edema, 2 RBD, causes of, 61 Peripheral field reduction, IIH and, 4 Real-time quaking-induced conversion assay, 50, Q11 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Recreational drug use, seizures and, 20t CNS disorders versus, 75t “Red flags” for headache pain, 1 dysfunction in DM, 81t Relaxation therapy, 9, 10 neuropathies, 75-77, 76t, 78f, 79t Resting tremor, 58t Periventricular nodular heterotopia, 16f Restless leg syndrome (RLS), 61, Q68 Peroneal mononeuropathy, 77, 79, Q8 Retinal auras, 6-7 Peroneal nerve palsy, 79 Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 4, 4t, 32t Petasites, for migraine prevention, 9 Riboflavin, for migraine prevention, 9 Phenobarbital, 21, 22t, 24 Rigidity, in PD, 51-52

myopathies versus, 85-86 Phenylpropanolamine, 4t Phenytoin paraproteinemic, 83 peripheral, 75-77, 76t, 78f, 79t adverse effects of, 22t, 24, 25 peroneal, 77, 79, Q8 for CSE, 25 polyneuropathies, 80-83 laboratory monitoring of, 22t proximal lumbosacral, 80-81 pharmacologic issues with, 22t radial, 77 in severe TBI, 12 ulnar, 77 Phenytoin, for epilepsy, 21 Neurosyphilis, ITM and, 74 Physical abuse, PNES and, 18 Nicardipine, for hypertension, 33, Q81 Physical therapy, in MS, 71 Nicotine, 4t, 58t Pimavanserin, for PD, 54t, 55 Nimodipine, 57, Q7 Plasmapheresis, 67, 82, 84 Nitroglycerin, ICP and, 35 Plexopathies, 77 Nitroprusside, ICP and, 35 Plexopathy, classification of, 76t Nitrosoureas, for GBM, 88-89 PNES. See Psychogenic nonepileptic spells/events (PNES) Nitrous oxide abuse, 74 POEMS syndrome, 79t, 83 Noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, 35 Polyarteritis nodosa, 79t Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), 24-26, Q61 Polycystic kidney disease, 2 Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), 43t, 48-49, 48f, Q22 Polycythemia, 65t Nursing, by women with epilepsy, 24 Polyneuropathies, 80-83 Nutritional support, in severe TBI, 12 Polysomnography, 61, Q84 Pompe disease, 85t, 87 0 Porphyria, peripheral neuropathy and, 79t Occupational therapy in MS, 71 Posterior fossa microvascular decompression, 5. Ocrelizumab, for MS, 69, 69t, 70 See also Jannetta procedure Ofatumumab, for MS, 69t, 70 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 14, 18, Ql Olanzapine, 50, 58t Postural tremor, 58t Older patients, 14, 21t, 24, Q74 POUND mnemonic, 6, 9 Onabotulinum toxin A, 9 Pramipexole, 53, 54t, 61 Ophthalmoplegia, 2, 4 Preeclampsia, 4t Opioids, 9, 61 Pregabalin, 21t, 22t, 61 Optic disc pallor, 62 Pregnancy Optic globes, posterior, 4 cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and, 4t Optic nerve atrophy, 62f cerebral venous thrombosis and, 2 Optic nerve papillitis, 62f chorea gravidarum in, Q57 Optic nerve sheaths, 4 MS and, 67 Optic neuritis, 62f, QIS in women with epilepsy, 24 Oral contraceptive use, 2, 24 Preterm birth, epilepsy and, 20t Orbital pain, 2 Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), 89, Q67 Orthostatic tremor, 58t Primary cough headache, 10t Oscillopsia, 63 Primary exercise headache, 10t Osmotherapy, ICP reduction using, 36 Primary headache associated with sexual activity, 10t Oxcarbazepine, 5, 21, 21t, 22t Primary progressive aphasias (PPAs), 46 Oxycodone-naloxone, for RLS, 61 Primary stabbing headache, 10t Oxygen, supplemental, 35 Primidone, for essential tremor, 57 Oxygen inhalation, for cluster headaches, 10 Prions, neurodegenerative disease and, 49-50. See also Ozanimod, for relapsing-remitting MS, 68t Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) Procainamide, tremor caused by, 58t P Prochlorperazine, for migraine, 8, 8t Papilledema, IIH and, 4 Propofol, coma induced by, 25 Paraneoplastic syndromes, 65t, 79t, 90-91, 90t Propranolol, 9, 57 Paraproteinemic neuropathy, 83 Proptosis, 2 Parkinson disease (PD), 51-56 Proximal lumbosacral radiculoneuropathy, 80-81 depression screening in, 52 Pseudobulbar affect, 71 diagnosis of, 51-52 Pseudoephedrine, 4t drug-induced, 56 Psychogenic loss of consciousness, 18 evaluation for DBS in, 55f Psychogenic movement disorders, 51t idiopathic, 56 Psychogenic nonepileptic spells/events (PNES), 18, 19t management of, 53-56, Q33 Puerperium, 4t medications for, 54t Pyridostigmine, for MG, 84 nonmotor symptoms of, 52t Parkinson disease dementia, 47-48 Qa Parkinsonism, 24, 51t, 53t Quetiapine, for PD, 54t Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome, 62 Parkinson-plus syndromes, 50, 56, 56t, QI7 R Paroxetine, for delirium, Q30 Radial mononeuropathy, 77 Patent foramen ovale (PTO), 31 Radiculopathy, classification of, 76t Pentobarbital, coma induced by, 25 Ramelteon, for delirium, 41 Perampanel, adverse effects of, 21, 22t Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), Q44 Percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation, 5 Rapidly progressive dementia, 49-50 Pergolide, for RLS, 61 Rasagiline, for PD, 54t Periorbital edema, 2 RBD, causes of, 61 Peripheral field reduction, IIH and, 4 Real-time quaking-induced conversion assay, 50, Q11 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Recreational drug use, seizures and, 20t CNS disorders versus, 75t “Red flags” for headache pain, 1 dysfunction in DM, 81t Relaxation therapy, 9, 10 neuropathies, 75-77, 76t, 78f, 79t Resting tremor, 58t Periventricular nodular heterotopia, 16f Restless leg syndrome (RLS), 61, Q68 Peroneal mononeuropathy, 77, 79, Q8 Retinal auras, 6-7 Peroneal nerve palsy, 79 Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 4, 4t, 32t Petasites, for migraine prevention, 9 Riboflavin, for migraine prevention, 9 Phenobarbital, 21, 22t, 24 Rigidity, in PD, 51-52 169

Rimantidine, for PD, 54t lumbar puncture in, Q47 Rimegepant, mechanism of action, 8 mortality rates in, 2 Risperidone, 50 presentation of, 26 Rituximab, for PCNSL, 89 sentinel leaks, 2 Rivastigmine, 44-45, Q53 thunderclap headaches in, 2 Rizatriptan, for migraine, 8t treatment of, 36, Q7 Ropinirole, 53, 54t, 61 Subdural hematomas, 12-13, 13f Rotigotine, 53, 54t, 61 Sudden unexpected death, 23 Rubral tremor, 58t Suicidality, 14, 21, 71, Q55 Sumatriptan, 8, 8t, 10, Q12, Q31, Q58 Susac syndrome, 65t s Saccular aneurysm ruptures, 32t Swallow evaluation, Q60 Safinamide, for PD, 54t Syncope, GTCS versus, 18t SAH. See Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Syphilis, 65t, 79t Sarcoidosis, 64t Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 64t Seizures. See also Epilepsy classification of, 15f T clinical presentation of, 14-15 Tacrolimus, tremor caused by, 58t CNS tumors and, 89-90 Tardive akathisia, 57t diagnostic evaluation in, 17-21, Q19 Tardive dyskinesia, 61-62, Q64 Tardive dystonia, 57t differential diagnosis of, 18 driving restrictions and, 23 Task-specific tremor, 58t focal impaired awareness type, Q9 Tau neurofibrillary tangles, 44 management of, Q45 TBI. See Traumatic brain injury (TBI) myoclonic, Q34 Temozolomide, for GBM, 88-89 new-onset, Q19 Temporal lobe epilepsy, 17f, 23 Tension-type headaches, 9-10, 9t, Q6 posttraumatic, 12 potential causes of, 20t Terbutaline, tremor caused by, 58t staring episodes, 15t Teriflunomide, for MS, 68t, 70 triggers for, 20-21, 20t Tetrabenazine. for chorea, 59 Tetrahydrocannabinol, 71 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 4t, Q52 Thalamotomy, ultrasound, 57-58 Selegiline, for PD, 54t Theophylline, tremor caused by, 58t Sella, empty, IIH and, 4 Thiamine, for CSE, 25 Sentinal leaks, in SAH, 2 Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 8 Thrombocytopenia, valproate-related, 21 Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 4t, 8 Thrombolysis, 33-35, Q60, Q72 Sexual activity, headache associated with, 10t Thrombophilia, 2 Thunderclap headache, 2-4, 2t, Q91 Simvastatin, toxic myopathies and, 86 Sinus bacterial infections, 2 Thymectomy, for MG, 84, Q54 Siponimod, for MS, 67, 68t Thyroid disease, neuropathy and, 79t Tiagabine, 22t Sjégren syndrome, 64t, 79t Tic disorders, 51t, 57t, 60-61, Q57 Sleep-related movement disorders, 61, Q44 Smoking cessation, 67 Ticagrelor, for ischemic stroke, 33-34 Tilt-table testing, 18 Somatoform disorders, 65t Sotalol, for essential tremor, 57 Timolol, for migraine prevention, 9 Tinnitis, pulsitile, 2, 4 Spastic paraplegia, hereditary, 75 Tissue plasminogen activator, 33 Spasticity, in MS, 70 Tizanidine, for spasticity in MS, 70 Sphingosine-1-phosphate, 68t, 70 Tolcapone, for PD, 54t Spinal cord compression, 72-73, Q3, Q49 Tonic seizures, 15 Spinal cord disorders, 71-75 Topiramate Spinal cord infarction, Q24 adverse effects of, 21, 22t, 24 Spinal cord injuries, 71-72 for epilepsy, 21t Spinal stenosis, 72 for essential tremor, 57 Spine, metastatic cancer of, 72f for ITH, 5 Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), 5 laboratory monitoring of, 22t Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT), 13-14 for migraine prevention, 9 Staring episodes, 15t pharmacologic issues with, 22t Statin therapy, 36-37, 44-45, 86, Q37 Tourette syndrome, 60-61 Status epilepticus, 24-26 Toxic epidermal necrosis, 21 Status migrainosus, 8 Toxic neuropathy, 79t Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 21 Tramadol, seizures and, 20t Stress management, 9 Stroke. See also Hemorrhagic stroke; Ischemic stroke; Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, 30 Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, 71 definition of, 26, 26t Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 26, 29-30, Q46, Q95 diagnosis of, 26-29 Transthoracic echocardiography, 31, Q66 Transverse myelitis, 73f discharge orders, 38 extracranial dissection and, 2 Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 11-13, 12t CT imaging in, Q90 focal epilepsies and, 15 in-hospital considerations, 33 depression screening in PTSD, QI focal epilepsies and, 15 prevention of, 36-38 return to play after, Q23 prognosis, 38-39 seizures and, 20t Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), 46-47, Ql6 subtypes of, 29-33 Tremor, S51t, 56, 58t, 71. See also Specific tremor disorders Tremor at rest, 51 surgical management, 38 symptoms of, 26 Tricyclic antidepressants, seizures and, 20t types of, 26 Trigeminal autonomic cephalagies (TACs), 10-11 VTE prevention in, Q27 Trigeminal nerve (CN V). 5 Trigeminal neuralgia, 5—6 Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Trihexyphenidyl. for PD, 54t aneurysmal, Q7 Triptans, 4t, 6-8 diagnosis of, 28 Truncal ataxia, 63 findings in, 32

Rimantidine, for PD, 54t lumbar puncture in, Q47 Rimegepant, mechanism of action, 8 mortality rates in, 2 Risperidone, 50 presentation of, 26 Rituximab, for PCNSL, 89 sentinel leaks, 2 Rivastigmine, 44-45, Q53 thunderclap headaches in, 2 Rizatriptan, for migraine, 8t treatment of, 36, Q7 Ropinirole, 53, 54t, 61 Subdural hematomas, 12-13, 13f Rotigotine, 53, 54t, 61 Sudden unexpected death, 23 Rubral tremor, 58t Suicidality, 14, 21, 71, Q55 Sumatriptan, 8, 8t, 10, Q12, Q31, Q58 Susac syndrome, 65t s Saccular aneurysm ruptures, 32t Swallow evaluation, Q60 Safinamide, for PD, 54t Syncope, GTCS versus, 18t SAH. See Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Syphilis, 65t, 79t Sarcoidosis, 64t Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 64t Seizures. See also Epilepsy classification of, 15f T clinical presentation of, 14-15 Tacrolimus, tremor caused by, 58t CNS tumors and, 89-90 Tardive akathisia, 57t diagnostic evaluation in, 17-21, Q19 Tardive dyskinesia, 61-62, Q64 Tardive dystonia, 57t differential diagnosis of, 18 driving restrictions and, 23 Task-specific tremor, 58t focal impaired awareness type, Q9 Tau neurofibrillary tangles, 44 management of, Q45 TBI. See Traumatic brain injury (TBI) myoclonic, Q34 Temozolomide, for GBM, 88-89 new-onset, Q19 Temporal lobe epilepsy, 17f, 23 Tension-type headaches, 9-10, 9t, Q6 posttraumatic, 12 potential causes of, 20t Terbutaline, tremor caused by, 58t staring episodes, 15t Teriflunomide, for MS, 68t, 70 triggers for, 20-21, 20t Tetrabenazine. for chorea, 59 Tetrahydrocannabinol, 71 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 4t, Q52 Thalamotomy, ultrasound, 57-58 Selegiline, for PD, 54t Theophylline, tremor caused by, 58t Sella, empty, IIH and, 4 Thiamine, for CSE, 25 Sentinal leaks, in SAH, 2 Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 8 Thrombocytopenia, valproate-related, 21 Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 4t, 8 Thrombolysis, 33-35, Q60, Q72 Sexual activity, headache associated with, 10t Thrombophilia, 2 Thunderclap headache, 2-4, 2t, Q91 Simvastatin, toxic myopathies and, 86 Sinus bacterial infections, 2 Thymectomy, for MG, 84, Q54 Siponimod, for MS, 67, 68t Thyroid disease, neuropathy and, 79t Tiagabine, 22t Sjégren syndrome, 64t, 79t Tic disorders, 51t, 57t, 60-61, Q57 Sleep-related movement disorders, 61, Q44 Smoking cessation, 67 Ticagrelor, for ischemic stroke, 33-34 Tilt-table testing, 18 Somatoform disorders, 65t Sotalol, for essential tremor, 57 Timolol, for migraine prevention, 9 Tinnitis, pulsitile, 2, 4 Spastic paraplegia, hereditary, 75 Tissue plasminogen activator, 33 Spasticity, in MS, 70 Tizanidine, for spasticity in MS, 70 Sphingosine-1-phosphate, 68t, 70 Tolcapone, for PD, 54t Spinal cord compression, 72-73, Q3, Q49 Tonic seizures, 15 Spinal cord disorders, 71-75 Topiramate Spinal cord infarction, Q24 adverse effects of, 21, 22t, 24 Spinal cord injuries, 71-72 for epilepsy, 21t Spinal stenosis, 72 for essential tremor, 57 Spine, metastatic cancer of, 72f for ITH, 5 Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), 5 laboratory monitoring of, 22t Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT), 13-14 for migraine prevention, 9 Staring episodes, 15t pharmacologic issues with, 22t Statin therapy, 36-37, 44-45, 86, Q37 Tourette syndrome, 60-61 Status epilepticus, 24-26 Toxic epidermal necrosis, 21 Status migrainosus, 8 Toxic neuropathy, 79t Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 21 Tramadol, seizures and, 20t Stress management, 9 Stroke. See also Hemorrhagic stroke; Ischemic stroke; Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, 30 Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, 71 definition of, 26, 26t Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 26, 29-30, Q46, Q95 diagnosis of, 26-29 Transthoracic echocardiography, 31, Q66 Transverse myelitis, 73f discharge orders, 38 extracranial dissection and, 2 Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 11-13, 12t CT imaging in, Q90 focal epilepsies and, 15 in-hospital considerations, 33 depression screening in PTSD, QI focal epilepsies and, 15 prevention of, 36-38 return to play after, Q23 prognosis, 38-39 seizures and, 20t Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), 46-47, Ql6 subtypes of, 29-33 Tremor, S51t, 56, 58t, 71. See also Specific tremor disorders Tremor at rest, 51 surgical management, 38 symptoms of, 26 Tricyclic antidepressants, seizures and, 20t types of, 26 Trigeminal autonomic cephalagies (TACs), 10-11 VTE prevention in, Q27 Trigeminal nerve (CN V). 5 Trigeminal neuralgia, 5—6 Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Trihexyphenidyl. for PD, 54t aneurysmal, Q7 Triptans, 4t, 6-8 diagnosis of, 28 Truncal ataxia, 63 findings in, 32 170

Index U Venous thromboembolism (VTE), 89-90, 90t, Q27, Q39 Ubrogepant, 8 Ventriculomegaly, 48f Uhthoff phenomenon, 63, 66 Ventriculoperitoneal shunts, 5 Ulnar mononeuropathy, 77 Verapamil, 10, 58t Uremia, 20t, 79t Visual fields, reduction of, 4 Urinalysis, evaluation of delirium by, Q56 Vitamin B,, deficiency, 65t, 74, 79t Vitamin D deficiency, 40, 67 V Vocal cord dystonia, Q21 Vagus nerve stimulators, 23 Valbenazine, 59, Q64 Ww Valproic acid (valproate) Warfarin, 2, 14, 37 adverse effects of, 21, 22t, 24, 58t Weight loss, ITH and, 5 for CSE, 25 West Nile virus, ITM and, 74 for epilepsy, 21, 24 White matter, edema in, 4 for generalized seizures, 21t Wilson disease, 51, 57, 57f laboratory monitoring of, 22t Women of childbearing age, 21t, Q71 mood stabilization and, 21 Women with epilepsy (WWE), 24 for myoclonus, 60-61 Valsalva maneuver, 2 X Varicella zoster virus, 74 Xanthochromia, CSF, 28 Vascular cognitive impairment, 43t, 49, Q83 Vascular malformations, 32t z Vasculitis, 79t Zolmitriptan, 8t, 10, Q51 Venlafaxine, 9, Q79 Zonisamide, 21t, 22t 171