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Coding of postsurgical pain in ICD-11: between conceptual richness and practical constraints. The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) marks a decisive step forward in recognising chronic postsurgical pain as a distinct clinical entity. Yet, significant gaps remain between its conceptual framework, coding tools, and real-world clinical practice. Here we highlight these inconsistencies and call for stronger integration of the diagnostic criteria, along with improved visibility of neuropathic pain mechanisms as well as the psychosocial dimensions of pain.