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The human amniotic membrane grafting is used as an adjunctive procedure across surgical specialties and in translational medicine to cultivate stem cells. Experts use amniotic membrane graft (AMG) in multiple specialties, including ophthalmologists, dentists, urologists, burn specialists, ear, nose, and throat surgeons, gynecologists, and researchers in stem cell technology. An amniotic membrane graft is prepared from the placenta. This activity describes its preparation, storage, mechanism of action, and use in ophthalmology. Objectives: Summarize the physiology and mechanism of action of amniotic membrane graft. Describe the preparation, storage, and transport of amniotic membrane graft. Review the indications of amniotic membrane grafting in ophthalmology and techniques of utilization. Outline the role of interprofessional collaboration for ensuring the best patient care outcomes. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.
The human amniotic membrane grafting is used as an adjunctive procedure across surgical specialties and in translational medicine to cultivate stem cells. It is easily available, and techniques of preparation and storage are relatively inexpensive. Experts use amniotic membrane graft (AMG) in multiple specialties, including ophthalmologists, dentists, urologists, burn specialists, ear, nose, and throat surgeons, gynecologists, and researchers in stem cell technology.[1][2][3]
Early loss of membrane may occur if it is not anchored securely. Keratitis due to contamination of the membrane may also occur. Sterile hypopyon has been reported after amniotic membrane grafting in a patient with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.[31] The hypopyon and iritis in this patient responded well to periocular steroids.[31] On the whole, there are no major complications known to occur with amniotic membrane graft. Rarely HIV, HBsAg, or HCV may be transmitted by amniotic membrane graft.[31]
Amniotic membrane grafting needs interprofessional collaboration. Gynecologists provide the placenta after routine uncomplicated lower segment cesarian section delivery. The preparation of the membrane is by the nursing staff or eye bank technicians under the laminar flow hood. The membrane is stored in an -80 degree C refrigerator. Transportation has to maintain a cold chain. Interprofessional collaboration between various specialists, including gynecologists, nurses, eye bank technicians, pharmacists, ophthalmologists, translational medicine specialists, dentists, ear nose and throat specialists, and urologists, is needed to ensure optimum patient care.
The temperature of the refrigerator where the membrane is stored in the freezer compartment must be monitored. The amniotic membrane is stored for long term use in a -80°C freezer before distribution to various centers. The maintenance of the temperature and sterility of the AMG must be ensured before use for patient safety.