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Amyloid-β peptide appears to play a central role in the pathology of Alzheimer disease. Sporadic Alzheimer disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for an estimated 50% to 56% of cases in clinical and autopsy series. The condition typically begins insidiously, with advancing age as the principal risk factor. Symptoms usually start with memory impairment and gradually involve other cognitive domains. Death often occurs within 10 years of diagnosis. A hereditary form, known as familial Alzheimer disease, represents approximately 2% to 3% of cases. This subtype tends to manifest earlier in life, typically before age 60, in contrast to the age-related onset seen in sporadic Alzheimer disease.[1][2][3]