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Renal collecting ducts are microscopic tubules that connect to multiple nephrons. Tubular fluid passes through the collecting ducts to reach the calyces and renal pelvis (see Image. Nephron Schematic Illustration). Tubular fluid composition undergoes water and electrolyte reabsorption and secretion. Different cell types line the collecting duct lumen to mediate fluid alterations, regulated by chemical messengers within the kidneys and external organs. Conditions like diabetes insipidus, hyperaldosteronism, Bartter and Liddle syndromes, and renal tubular acidosis (RTA) involve the renal collecting ducts. Urinary tract obstruction and congenital anomalies are some surgical problems that may impair kidney function that can also involve the collecting ducts. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the collecting ducts is essential for diagnosing and treating various kidney and electrolyte disorders.