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The thigh region is essential to the proper postural stability and locomotion of humans and is also a key conduit for neurovascular structures that pass from the abdomen to the lower limbs (see Image. Cross-Section of the Thigh). The thigh muscles are divided into groups based on location – the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments - each affording the lower limb different functional movements. Understanding the main function of each group of muscles and the unique properties of muscles within a group helps identify different disorders based on the physical examination and patient history.[1][2]