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The striate arteries comprise small, penetrating vessels that originate from the anterior (ACA) and middle (MCA) cerebral arteries, delivering blood to deep cerebral structures, including the basal ganglia and internal capsule. The branching patterns and territories of these blood vessels demonstrate considerable anatomical variability across individuals. Despite their small caliber, these arteries play a critical role in sustaining motor function through perfusion of corticospinal and extrapyramidal fiber tracts (see Image. Striate Arteries and Deep Perforators). Absence of significant collateral circulation renders this vascular territory highly vulnerable to lacunar infarction. Striate artery hypertrophy contributes to the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease and warrants careful consideration during neurosurgical interventions involving the anterior circle of Willis. Injury to these vessels during aneurysm clipping or tumor resection can result in profound motor deficits due to infarction of the internal capsule. A thorough understanding of striate artery anatomy and function informs both clinical management of cerebrovascular disease and operative strategies aimed at preserving deep cerebral structures.