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introductionstatpearls· Introduction· item NBK549878

Tooth eruption is when a developing tooth moves from its initial nonfunctional position within the alveolar bone to its final functional location within the oral cavity.[1] Notably, the term eruption should not be mistaken for emergence, as the latter refers explicitly to the point at which any portion of the tooth's crown becomes visible through the gingiva.[2] Tooth eruption results from bone remodeling processes involving bone formation and resorption mechanisms.[1] Experimental research has demonstrated that the dental follicle (see Image. Microscopic View of a Tooth Bud) is pivotal in transforming these changes within the alveolar bone. Moreover, the dental follicle gives rise to the periodontal ligament—a structure believed to have a significant role in facilitating tooth eruption during the supraosseous stage.[1] The phenomenon of bone resorption offers a distinct pathway for the correct emergence and alignment of a developing tooth. The force propelling the tooth toward the occlusal plane along this path is believed to originate from bone apposition occurring apically to the developing tooth.[3] The onset of eruptive movements typically coincides with the initiation of root formation.[3] Root growth is not the primary cause of tooth eruption, although it may have a role in the process. This is evident as teeth can still erupt without fully formed roots.[3] The periodontal ligament is believed to mediate supraosseous events during tooth eruption.[1] In contrast, intraosseous events, which involve changes within the bone itself, are not directly influenced or regulated by the actions of the periodontal ligament.[1] These events primarily involve bone remodeling mechanisms and the creation of the eruption pathway.