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The supraclavicular fossa is a surface depression of the lower lateral neck overlying the supraclavicular triangle of the posterior cervical region (see Image. Surface Landmarks of the Lower Neck and Upper Thorax). This anatomically complex space contains major neurovascular and lymphatic structures, including the subclavian vessels, brachial plexus, and terminal lymphatic ducts. The region serves as a passage for innervation, blood flow, and lymphatic drainage of the upper extremity. The subclavian artery and its branches provide the principal arterial supply, while the jugular and subclavian veins facilitate venous return. The cervical and brachial plexuses constitute the principal neural structures within the region. Physiologic variation is common, particularly in lymphatic architecture and soft tissue composition. The supraclavicular fossa has substantial clinical significance due to its complex anatomy and involvement in various conditions, encompassing neoplastic, congenital, and infectious etiologies. The area is also important in the evaluation of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and metastatic disease. Critical neurovascular and lymphatic structures in the region make surgical intervention high-risk. Careful operative technique and a structured diagnostic approach are essential to minimize complications. In-depth understanding of the anatomy and function of the supraclavicular fossa enables accurate diagnosis, appropriate imaging and procedural selection, and safe surgical planning.