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Bronchoscopy is a common diagnostic procedure performed to assess a multitude of pulmonary conditions. There are a variety of techniques to safely perform this procedure that is both helpful to the practitioner and the patient. This activity reviews the anesthesia considerations of performing bronchoscopy and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing the patient. Objectives: Explain the various anesthesia techniques used for bronchoscopy including specific indications for each. Describe the importance of safety when performing a bronchoscopy. Review the potential complications of performing a bronchoscopy. Summarize the pros and cons to be kept in mind by the interprofessional team in case of flexible and rigid bronchoscopy. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.

Different anesthesia techniques can be used for bronchoscopy. Due to both the anesthesiologist and clinician sharing the same working space, special attention must be made to ensure safety. There are two types of bronchoscopies: flexible and rigid. Usually, flexible bronchoscopy is done under sedation, while rigid bronchoscopy is performed under general anesthesia. This is a summary of the anesthesia considerations during a bronchoscopy.[1]

An interprofessional team for bronchoscopy includes bronchoscopy operators (pulmonologists, intensivists, otolaryngologists), anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, nurses, operating room technicians, and pharmacists. An interprofessional team approach that emphasizes good communication will offer the best patient outcomes. It is paramount that all healthcare providers know the patient’s medical history and potential complications of the bronchoscopy procedure. Complications can arise at any time during the procedure, and swift interventions need to be undertaken for optimal results. It takes a whole team and excellent communication to provide quality care. During postoperative care, potential bronchoscopy complications need to be addressed, and proper communication is important. The provider in the recovery unit should be aware of any oxygen desaturation, level of consciousness alterations, chest pain, shortness of breath, voice changes, hoarseness, dysphagia, hematoma, and bleeding. Open communication is the key to ensure good outcomes. Rapid physical examination, laboratory, and imaging are imperative to stop the further progression of a complication. [Level 5]