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Anifrolumab is safe, tolerable, and effective for treating systemic lupus erythematosus. In MUSE and TULIP-1, at higher anifrolumab doses, there were numeric increases in severe and adverse events leading to study discontinuation. However, statistical significance was not evaluated. To date, no distinct anifrolumab serum level predicts effectiveness and toxicity. Routine measuring of serum levels in clinical practice remains unclear. No antidote is available. Phase IV clinical trials would help assess the possible toxic effects of anifrolumab.

SLE is a heterogeneous condition comprising many responsible biochemical pathways and a wide array of phenotypes. An interprofessional healthcare team approach to treating SLE that includes physicians, advanced practice practitioners, specialists, nursing staff, and pharmacists is necessary.[23] Agents against multiple targets or personalized medicine through genomic analyses can improve therapeutic outcomes. Though our understanding of SLE pathophysiology continues to evolve, many SLE trials have failed to meet their primary endpoints. These failures could result from flaws in the drug, trial design, or outcome measures. The interprofessional paradigm will drive optimal patient outcomes while minimizing adverse events. Anifrolumab is a novel IFNAR1 antagonist that can assist in achieving clinical remission or low disease activity in patients with SLE. Anifrolumab should only be used as adjunctive therapy to standard immunosuppressants in adults 18 to 70 with SLE. Future clinical trials exploring using anifrolumab in lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric SLE are needed to expand clinical indications. Before using anifrolumab, healthcare providers should conduct a thorough history and physical to assess baseline clinical status. Patients should be vigilant in monitoring for signs of infections, particularly herpes zoster.