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Dapsone is an antibiotic medication used in multidrug regimens and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis. Initially investigated as an antibiotic agent in 1937, dapsone was first utilized for leprosy treatment in 1945. The drug is also prescribed for a range of conditions, including both dermatological and non-dermatological ailments. Dapsone is currently available in both oral and topical formulations. Dapsone exerts its antimicrobial action by inhibiting bacterial or folic acid synthesis. In addition, the drug demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects. The off-label uses of dapsone include a broad spectrum of dermatoses, as well as prevention and treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii). This activity reviews the indications, mechanism of action, administration, adverse event profile, pharmacodynamics, and monitoring of dapsone pertinent to interprofessional healthcare teams involved in the treatment of conditions where dapsone is indicated. Objectives: Differentiate between the FDA-approved and off-label uses of dapsone, recognizing its application in various dermatoses, malaria, and Pneumocystis jirovecii prevention and treatment. Implement appropriate dosing regimens for dapsone in both oral and topical formulations, ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes. Apply knowledge of dapsone's mechanism of action, combining its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, to treat diverse dermatologic and non-dermatologic conditions. Collaborate with other healthcare team members to discuss and address any severe adverse effects or challenges patients encounter during dapsone treatment. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.

Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia typically results from acute poisoning, either by accidental ingestion or suicidal intent. Presenting symptoms include headache, fatigue, tachycardia, dizziness, and weakness. More severe cases (levels above 60%) can result in arrhythmias, dyspnea, seizures, or coma. Methemoglobinemia is treatable with gastric decontamination, early administration of activated charcoal, or intravenous (IV) methylene blue.[18][19]

The interprofessional healthcare team, comprising physicians, advanced practice practitioners, nursing staff, and pharmacists, must collaborate to guarantee patient compliance with dapsone prescriptions. Team members need to communicate and address any severe drug adverse effects the patient may encounter, such as rash and jaundice, during their treatment. Some cases may require an infectious disease specialist and/or an infectious disease specialty pharmacist. These specialists are updated with the latest antibiogram data and can recommend dosing adjustments or alternative therapies. All patient encounters and interventions must be documented in the medical record so that every team member can access the same current and updated information. Open communication can preclude adverse events and make all team members aware of concerns that may arise during monitoring. This interprofessional approach drives optimal patient outcomes.