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A dental implant is one of the treatments to replace missing teeth. Their use in the treatment of complete and partial edentulism has become an integral treatment modality in dentistry. Dental implants have a number of advantages over conventional fixed partial denture. A high success rate (above 97% for 10 years) A decreased risk of caries and endodontic problems of adjacent teeth Improved maintenance of bone in edentulous site Decreased sensitivity of adjacent teeth A dental implant is a structure made of alloplastic materials implanted into the oral tissues beneath the mucosa and/or periosteum and/or within or through the bone to provide retention and support for a fixed or removable dental prosthesis. Implant dentistry the second oldest dental profession; exodontia (oral surgery) is the oldest. Around 600 AD, the Mayan population used pieces of shells as implants to replace mandibular teeth. In 1809, J. Maggiolo inserted a gold implant tube into a fresh extraction site. In 1930, the Strock brothers used Vitallium screws to replace missing teeth. A post-type endosseous implant was developed by Formiggini (the father of modern implantology) and Zepponi in the 1940s. The subperiosteal implant was developed in the 1940s by Dahl in Sweden. In 1946 Strock designed a two-stage screw implant that was inserted without a permucosal post. The abutment post and individual crown were added after this implant completely healed. The desired implant interface at this time was described as ankylosis. In 1967, Dr. Linkow introduced blade implants, now recognized as endosseous implants. Dental implants became a scientific cornerstone after the serendipitous invention of Dr. Branemark who helped in the evolution of the concept of osseointegration (direct, rigid attachment of the implant to the bone without any intervening tissue in between two implants) [1][2][3].

Various complications and problems can be encountered during surgery and postoperatively. Perforated buccal or lingual plates can be seen during the procedure. In case of an elliptical /eccentric preparation, a wider implant can be used if possible. If not, pack the osteotomy with autogenous graft, compress it, and place implant again. Bleeding in the floor of the mouth can occur from the lingual artery or facial artery injury. So absolute care has to be taken during osteotomy preparation.  Nerve injury can lead to altered nerve sensation in the form of anesthesia, paresthesia or hyperesthesia. Consequently, the surgical landmark is often set conservatively 2mm above the mandibular canal. The most common postoperative complication is incision line opening. The design of the removable interim prosthesis is involved, it is corrected. The patient is instructed to rinse 2-3 times daily with chlorhexidine. If granulation process extends for more than two weeks, epithelial margin trimming can be done. If implants become exposed during the healing period, no attempt should be made to cover them with tissue. Rather denture is relieved aggressively over the area with implant exposure. The mobility of the implant during healing is unusual but may occur, mostly accompanied by a radiolucent zone around the implant. Whatever may be the cause, the implant should be removed. Signs and symptoms of failure for an implant are horizontal mobility  greater than 0.5 mm, rapid progressive bone loss, pain during percussion, uncontrolled exudate, generalized radiolucency around the implant, more than one half of the bone is lost around the implant and last the implants inserted in poor position, making them useless for prosthetic support. A success rate of 85%at the end of 5 year period and 80% at the end of 10 year period are minimum criteria for success. [15][16][17][18]