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The development of the female reproductive system requires an elaborate process. In females, reproductive organs divide into three main groups: gonads, reproductive ducts, and external genitalia. The female reproductive system derives from four origins: mesoderm, primordial germ cells, coelomic epithelium, and mesenchyme. The uterus forms during Mullerian organogenesis accompanied by the development of the upper third of the vagina, the cervix, and both fallopian tubes.[1][2] Knowledge of the embryology of the female reproductive tract provides insight into congenital pathologies that are related to these organs. The objective of this activity is to review uterine embryology and its clinical significance.

Deviation from normal development of reproductive ducts can result in congenital structural anomalies referred to as Mullerian anomalies. Mullerian anomalies may result from arrested development of the paramesonephric ducts, failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts, or failure of resorption of the medial septum.[9] The development of the gastrointestinal and urinary system occurs closely in time and space to this phenomenon and anomalies in the development of these organ systems may also affect the female reproductive system and vice-versa.[10]