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Estradiol is a medication used to manage and treat postmenopausal symptoms and for women who have had hysterectomies. Estradiol is the most potent estrogen (E2) in the human body. Postmenopausal symptoms include, but are not limited to: vaginal dryness, itchiness, dysuria, and many more. This activity reviews the mechanism of action, risks, benefits, indications, contradictions, side effects, and other critical elements of estradiol therapy. Objectives: Review the pathophysiology of estradiol. Summarize the administration of estradiol. Identify the contraindications of estradiol therapy. Explain the importance of care amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the quality of life in postmenopausal women. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.

There are no published reports of estradiol toxicity in humans. However, one study measured estradiol toxicity in amphibians' embryos.[11] Research determined that estradiol toxicity occurred when the amount of estradiol severely outnumbered estradiol receptors; this was an incredibly high number that would be highly unlikely in a human population. Estradiol excess may lead to side effects and complications noted in the adverse effect section.

Educating women about the physiology behind post-menopausal symptoms is essential so that they can understand the changes that occur with decreased estrogen. Many women are embarrassed and shy to talk about this topic. Primary care clinicians and obstetricians-gynecologists should ask and encourage women to talk about their symptoms. Providers will better be able to offer advice, tips, and education, as indicated. An interprofessional healthcare team approach is the optimal path to follow when initiating or considering initiating estradiol therapy. The family clinician and gynecologist should coordinate their efforts. A pharmacist should review the patient's medication record, verify that dosing is appropriate, and counsel the patient regarding potential adverse effects to report these to the prescriber should they present. Nursing must also assist the team by counseling the patient so they are aware of possible adverse events. They can also monitor the patient on follow-up visits and determine how effectively the patient responds to treatment. This interprofessional team paradigm optimizes treatment and avoids adverse events, thereby improving patient outcomes. [Level 5]