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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are a class of medications utilized to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. As a class of medications, they are among several pharmacological options for these endocrine diseases. The function of GLP-1 agonists is to lower serum glucose levels and thereby manage metabolism in affected patients. Participating clinicians gain an enhanced understanding of when to prescribe these agonists, consider specific patient populations, and seek consultations with specialists in the care of their patients. Recent recommendations regarding mixed formulations are also included in alignment with current research on this drug class. This activity will highlight the indications, mechanism of action, administration, adverse effect profile, and contraindications for these drugs. An interprofessional team of nurses, primary care clinicians, pharmacists, and endocrinologists remains pertinent to care for patients prescribed this class of medications. Objectives: Identify the mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Assess the potential adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Differentiate the proper administration techniques for GLP-1 analogs and the clinical monitoring necessary for patients prescribed GLP-1 receptor agonists. Implement effective collaboration among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes and treatment efficacy for patients who might benefit from GLP-1 receptor agonists. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.

Research into GLP-1 analog overdoses remains limited. Reports exist of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive belching, and abdominal pain due to toxic ingestion of medication within this class; however, no serious complications, such as pancreatitis or hypoglycemia, have been noted in case studies.[48] Treatment consists of supportive care, including antiemetics, to control excessive nausea and vomiting.[34][49]

Treating T2DM and obesity should involve an interprofessional team, including a primary care provider (MD, DO, NP, or PA), diabetes educator (nurse or pharmacist), pharmacist, and possibly an endocrinologist. Providers and pharmacists collaborate on the decision to select a GLP-1 agonist and include a complete medication reconciliation in their decision. The interprofessional approach will maximize positive outcomes and minimize adverse events. Healthcare professionals like MDs, DOs, NPs, and PAs play a role in prescribing GLP-1 agonists. Clinicians, pharmacists, dietitians, and nurses should educate patients on potential side effects and drug interactions. Regular follow-up appointments with primary care clinicians are necessary to monitor blood glucose levels, weight, and kidney function. Nursing involves monitoring and reporting concerns to the prescriber and pharmacist. A registered dietitian nutritionist should guide food choices. Consult with a gastroenterologist for acute pancreatitis. Endocrinologists offer valuable guidance as well when managing T1DM or T1DM. A cohesive team approach maximizes glycemic control and weight loss while minimizing adverse reactions from GLP-1 agonists.