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A goniometer is a device that measures an angle or permits the rotation of an object to a definite position. In orthopedics, the former description applies more. The art and science of measuring the joint ranges in each joint plane are called goniometry. Goniometry originates from 2 Greek words: gonia, which means angle, and metron, which means to measure. The first known use of a primitive version of the modern-day goniometer was by a Dutch physician and mathematician named Gemma Frisius, who used it to calculate and record the position of celestial bodies with respect to the earth.
Complications related to goniometry are limited and are mainly due to faulty techniques; these include the following: Inaccurate measurement due to faulty technique can drastically affect the patient's treatment. Iatrogenic injuries in weak osteoporotic bones can result from forceful joint range of motion during goniometry.
A goniometer can help in clinical decision-making regarding the management and outcome analysis after a particular intervention has been applied and compare the efficacies of different treatments. This methodology helps healthcare professionals identify the most efficacious treatment modality for a specific condition. Using goniometry results in maximized and enhanced patient outcomes.[14]