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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email TNM staging for gastric cancer Primary tumor (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria T1 Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa T1a Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae T1b Tumor invades submucosa T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria* T3 Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures •Δ T4 Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum) or adjacent structures •Δ T4a Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum) T4b Tumor invades adjacent structures Regional lymph nodes (N) NX Regional lymph node(s) cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis ◊ N1 Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes N2 Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes N3 Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes N3a Metastasis in 7-15 regional lymph nodes N3b Metastasis in 16 or more regional lymph nodes Distant metastasis (M) M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis Anatomic stage/prognostic groups Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T2 N0 M0 T1 N1 M0 Stage IIA T3 N0 M0 T2 N1 M0 T1 N2 M0 Stage IIB T4a N0 M0 T3 N1 M0 T2 N2 M0 T1 N3 M0 Stage IIIA T4a N1 M0 T3 N2 M0 T2 N3 M0 Stage IIIB T4b N0 M0 T4b N1 M0 T4a N2 M0 T3 N3 M0 Stage IIIC T4b N2 M0 T4b N3 M0 T4a N3 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Note: cTNM is the clinical classification, pTNM is the pathologic classification. * A tumor may penetrate the muscularis propria with extension into the gastrocolic or gastrohepatic ligaments, or into the greater or lesser omentum, without perforation of the visceral peritoneum covering these structures. In this case, the tumor is classified T3. If there is perforation of the visceral peritoneum covering the gastric ligaments or the omentum, the tumor should be classified T4. • The adjacent structures of the stomach include the spleen, transverse colon, liver, diaphragm, pancreas, abdominal wall, adrenal gland, kidney, small intestine, and retroperitoneum. Δ Intramural extension to the duodenum or esophagus is classified by the depth of the greatest invasion in any of these sites, including the stomach. ◊ A designation of pN0 should be used if all examined lymph nodes are negative, regardless of the total number removed and examined.

Note: cTNM is the clinical classification, pTNM is the pathologic classification. * A tumor may penetrate the muscularis propria with extension into the gastrocolic or gastrohepatic ligaments, or into the greater or lesser omentum, without perforation of the visceral peritoneum covering these structures. In this case, the tumor is classified T3. If there is perforation of the visceral peritoneum covering the gastric ligaments or the omentum, the tumor should be classified T4. • The adjacent structures of the stomach include the spleen, transverse colon, liver, diaphragm, pancreas, abdominal wall, adrenal gland, kidney, small intestine, and retroperitoneum. Δ Intramural extension to the duodenum or esophagus is classified by the depth of the greatest invasion in any of these sites, including the stomach. ◊ A designation of pN0 should be used if all examined lymph nodes are negative, regardless of the total number removed and examined. Used with the permission of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), Chicago, Illinois. The original source for this material is the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Seventh Edition (2010) published by Springer New York, Inc.