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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Aβ subgroups of ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus: Clinical characteristics and natural history A+β- A-β- A+β+ A-β+ P Number 18 (17 percent) 23 (22 percent) 11 (11 percent) 51 (50 percent) Age 34 ± 17 38 ± 15 43 ± 14 42 ± 13 0.1 Age at diagnosis 25 ± 17 26 ± 12 42 ± 12 39 ± 12 <0.0001 Years with diabetes 9.1 ± 10.4 9.8 ± 8.7 0.9 ± 3.0 3.0 ± 4.8 <0.0001 Family history of diabetes 9 (50 percent) 19 (83 percent) 9 (82 percent) 45 (88 percent) 0.01 BMI 24.5 ± 3.9 23.0 ± 2.8 30.6 ± 7.6 29.4 ± 8.3 0.0003 Weight category <0.0001 Lean 11 (61 percent) 17 (74 percent) 2 (18 percent) 17 (33 percent) Overweight 5 (28 percent) 6 (26 percent) 4 (36 percent) 13 (26 percent) Obese 2 (11 percent) 0 5 (46 percent) 21 (41 percent) New onset diabetes 3 (17 percent) 2 (9 percent) 10 (91 percent) 26 (51 percent) <0.0001 Male:Female ratio 1:1 1.3:1 0.6:1 1.7:1 0.4 Ethnicity 0.02 African-American 13 (72 percent) 9 (39 percent) 4 (36.4 percent) 14 (27 percent) Hispanic-American 2 (11 percent) 9 (39 percent) 4 (36.4 percent) 30 (59 percent) Caucasian-American 2 (11 percent) 5 (22 percent) 3 (27.2 percent) 6 (12 percent) Asian-American 1 (6 percent) 0 0 1 (2 percent) Recurrent DKA episodes 7 (39 percent) 7 (30 percent) 1 (9 percent) 1 (2 percent) <0.0001 Insulin discontinued by 6 months 0 (0 percent) 0 (0 percent) 5 (45 percent) 26 (51 percent) <0.0001 Anti-diabetic regimen at 12 months <0.0001 Insulin only 17 (94 percent) 23 (100 percent) 3 (27 percent) 17 (33 percent) Insulin + oral hypoglycemics 1 (6 percent) 0 3 (27 percent) 8 (16 percent) Oral hypoglycemics only 0 0 3 (27 percent) 21 (41 percent) Diet and exercise only 0 0 2 (19 percent) 5 (10 percent) Reproduced with permission from: Balasubramanyam A, Nalini R, Hampe CS, Maldonado M. Syndromes of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 2008; 29:292. Copyright © 2008 The Endocrine Society.