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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email ACR relative radiation information (Part 1 of 2) References: Royal College of Radiologists. Making the best use of a department of clinical radiology: guidelines for doctors. 5th ed. London: The Royal College of Radiologists; 2003. Martin CJ. Effective dose: how should it be applied to medical exposures? Br J Radiol 2007; 80(956):639-647. International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60. Ann ICRP 1991; 21:1-3. Bor D, Sancak T, Olgar T, et al. Comparison of effective doses obtained from dose-area product and air kerma measurements in interventional radiology. Br J Radiol 2004; 77(916):315-322. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Exposure of the US population from diagnostic medical radiation, NCRP Report No. 100. Bethesda, MD; 1989. Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors. Nationwide Evaluation of X-Ray Trends (NEXT) - Tabulation and Graphical Summary of 2000 Survey of Computed Tomography: file://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ct/2000survey.html; 2007: In publication: CRCPD publication no. E-07-02. United States Pharmacopeia Drug Information: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 27th ed. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomson Micromedex; 2007. ICRP Publication 80: Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals. Rev ed: Elsevier; September 1, 1999. Mettler FA, Jr., Huda W, Yoshizumi TT, Mahesh M. Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: a catalog. Radiology 2008; 248(1):254-263. Wall BF, Hart D. Revised radiation doses for typical X-ray examinations. Report on a recent review of doses to patients from medical X-ray examinations in the UK by NRPB. National Radiological Protection Board. Br J Radiol 1997; 70(833):437-439. Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States., NCRP Report No. 93. Bethesda, MD; 1987. Amis ES, Jr., Butler PF, Applegate KE, et al. American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine. J Am Coll Radiol 2007; 4(5):272-284.

Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States., NCRP Report No. 93. Bethesda, MD; 1987. Amis ES, Jr., Butler PF, Applegate KE, et al. American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine. J Am Coll Radiol 2007; 4(5):272-284. National Cancer Institute. Radiation Risks and Pediatric Computed Tomography (CT): A Guide for Health Care Providers. file://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes/radiation-risks-pediatric-CT. Accessed August 2009. ACR practice guideline for imaging pregnant or potentially pregnant adolescents and women with ionizing radiation. In: Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards. Reston, Va: American College of Radiology; 2008:23-37. American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria.

Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States., NCRP Report No. 93. Bethesda, MD; 1987. Amis ES, Jr., Butler PF, Applegate KE, et al. American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine. J Am Coll Radiol 2007; 4(5):272-284. National Cancer Institute. Radiation Risks and Pediatric Computed Tomography (CT): A Guide for Health Care Providers. file://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes/radiation-risks-pediatric-CT. Accessed August 2009. ACR practice guideline for imaging pregnant or potentially pregnant adolescents and women with ionizing radiation. In: Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards. Reston, Va: American College of Radiology; 2008:23-37. American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. ACR relative radiation information (Part 2 of 2) References: Royal College of Radiologists. Making the best use of a department of clinical radiology: guidelines for doctors. 5th ed. London: The Royal College of Radiologists; 2003. Martin CJ. Effective dose: how should it be applied to medical exposures? Br J Radiol 2007; 80(956):639-647. International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60. Ann ICRP 1991; 21:1-3. Bor D, Sancak T, Olgar T, et al. Comparison of effective doses obtained from dose-area product and air kerma measurements in interventional radiology. Br J Radiol 2004; 77(916):315-322. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Exposure of the US population from diagnostic medical radiation, NCRP Report No. 100. Bethesda, MD; 1989. Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors. Nationwide Evaluation of X-Ray Trends (NEXT) - Tabulation and Graphical Summary of 2000 Survey of Computed Tomography: file://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ct/2000survey.html; 2007: In publication: CRCPD publication no. E-07-02. United States Pharmacopeia Drug Information: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 27th ed. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomson Micromedex; 2007.

Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors. Nationwide Evaluation of X-Ray Trends (NEXT) - Tabulation and Graphical Summary of 2000 Survey of Computed Tomography: file://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ct/2000survey.html; 2007: In publication: CRCPD publication no. E-07-02. United States Pharmacopeia Drug Information: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 27th ed. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomson Micromedex; 2007. ICRP Publication 80: Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals. Rev ed: Elsevier; September 1, 1999. Mettler FA, Jr., Huda W, Yoshizumi TT, Mahesh M. Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: a catalog. Radiology 2008; 248(1):254-263. Wall BF, Hart D. Revised radiation doses for typical X-ray examinations. Report on a recent review of doses to patients from medical X-ray examinations in the UK by NRPB. National Radiological Protection Board. Br J Radiol 1997; 70(833):437-439. Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States., NCRP Report No. 93. Bethesda, MD; 1987. Amis ES, Jr., Butler PF, Applegate KE, et al. American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine. J Am Coll Radiol 2007; 4(5):272-284. National Cancer Institute. Radiation Risks and Pediatric Computed Tomography (CT): A Guide for Health Care Providers. file://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes/radiation-risks-pediatric-CT. Accessed August 2009. ACR practice guideline for imaging pregnant or potentially pregnant adolescents and women with ionizing radiation. In: Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards. Reston, Va: American College of Radiology; 2008:23-37. American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria.