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ATRA: 45 mg/m 2 per day in two divided doses until complete response. This is the AIDA protocol that yields a 94 percent remission rate. After three intensive consolidation courses plus maintenance therapy, the event-free survival at 12 years was 69 percent.

ATRA: 45 mg/m 2 per day in two divided doses until complete response. This North American Intergroup regimen had a high complete remission rate of 90 percent. When followed by arsenic trioxide for consolidation, the event-free survival was 80 percent and overall survival 86 percent at three years. Disease-free survival was 90 percent.

ATRA: 45 mg/m 2 per day in two divided doses until complete response. Initial studies demonstrate good results with short follow-up. Yields a >85 percent remission rate. May be an excellent option for patients who are not able to tolerate anthracycline-based therapy. Hydroxyurea, daunorubicin, or gemtuzumab ozogamicin have been added if the WBC count rises dramatically.

ATRA: 45 mg/m 2 per day in two divided doses until complete response. Initial study demonstrated a response rate of 92 percent. At a median follow-up of 24 months, the estimated three-year survival rate was 85 percent. Disease-related complications resulted in an early death rate of 8 percent.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin: 9 mg/m 2 on day 1 for high risk patients (defined as white count ≥10x10 9 /L). ATRA: all-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin). References: Avvisati G, Lo-Coco F, Paoloni FP, et al. AIDA 0493 protocol for newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: very long-term results and role of maintenance. Blood 2011; 117:4716. Powell BL, Moser B, Stock W, et al. Arsenic trioxide improves event-free and overall survival for adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia: North American Leukemia Intergroup Study C9710. Blood 2010; 116:3751. Estey E, Garcia-Manero G, Ferrajoli A, et al. Use of all-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide as an alternative to chemotherapy in untreated acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2006; 107:3469. Ravandi F, Estey E, Jones D, et al. Effective treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with All-Trans-Retinoic Acid, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:504.