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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Antiretroviral prophylaxis options recommended for infants of HIV-infected women who do not need treatment for their own health Maternal AZT + infant ARV prophylaxis (Option A) Maternal triple ARV prophylaxis (Option B) Mother Mother Antepartum twice-daily AZT starting from as early as 14 weeks of gestation and continued during pregnancy. At onset of labor, sd-NVP and initiation of twice daily AZT + 3TC for seven days postpartum. (Note: If maternal AZT was provided for more than four weeks antenatally, omission of the sd-NVP and AZT + 3TC tail can be considered; in this case, continue maternal AZT during labor and stop at delivery). Triple ARV prophylaxis starting from as early as 14 weeks of gestation and continued until delivery, or, if breastfeeding, continued until one week after all infant exposure to breast milk has ended.*• Recommended regimens include: AZT + 3TC + LPV/r or AZT + 3TC + ABC or AZT + 3TC + EFV or TDF + 3TC (or FTC) + EFV Infant Infant For breastfeeding infants: Daily NVP from birth for a minimum of four to six weeks, and until one week after all exposure to breast milk has ended.* Irrespective of mode of infant feeding: Daily NVP or twice-daily AZT from birth until four to six weeks of age. Infants receiving replacement feeding only: Daily NVP or sd-NVP + twice-daily AZT from birth until four to six weeks of age. AZT: zidovudine; 3TC: lamivudine; NVP: nevirapine; sd-NVP: single dose nevirapine; LPV/r: lopinavir/ritonavir; ABC: abacavir; EFV: efavirenz; TDF: tenofovir; FTC: emtricitabine. * Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months followed by breastfeeding with appropriate complementary feeding for another six months. • In countries that have the programmatic capacity, lifelong continuation of a maternal Option B antiretroviral regimen is another option. Reproduced with permission from: World Health Organization. Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants: towards universal access: Recommendations for a public health approach (2010 version). World Health Organization, Geneva 2010. Copyright © 2010 WHO. Available at: file://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599818_eng.pdf .