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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_26_17832

REFERENCES Roberts JM, Cooper DW. Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2001; 357:53. Higgins JR, Walshe JJ, Darling MR, et al. Hemostasis in the uteroplacental and peripheral circulations in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179:520. Szecsi PB, Jørgensen M, Klajnbard A, et al. Haemostatic reference intervals in pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103:718. Cerneca F, Ricci G, Simeone R, et al. Coagulation and fibrinolysis changes in normal pregnancy. Increased levels of procoagulants and reduced levels of inhibitors during pregnancy induce a hypercoagulable state, combined with a reactive fibrinolysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997; 73:31. de Moerloose P, Amiral J, Vissac AM, Reber G. Longitudinal study on activated factors XII and VII levels during normal pregnancy. Br J Haematol 1998; 100:40. Faught W, Garner P, Jones G, Ivey B. Changes in protein C and protein S levels in normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172:147. Halligan A, Bonnar J, Sheppard B, et al. Haemostatic, fibrinolytic and endothelial variables in normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 101:488. Kjellberg U, Andersson NE, Rosén S, et al. APC resistance and other haemostatic variables during pregnancy and puerperium. Thromb Haemost 1999; 81:527. Pinto S, Abbate R, Rostagno C, et al. Increased thrombin generation in normal pregnancy. Acta Eur Fertil 1988; 19:263. Senent M, Bellart J, Zuazu-Jausoro I, et al. [Markers of hypercoagulability during pregnancy: thrombin-antithrombin-III complexes and D dimer]. Sangre (Barc) 1991; 36:21. van Wersch JW, Ubachs JM. Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis during normal pregnancy. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1991; 29:45. Mercelina-Roumans PE, Ubachs JM, van Wersch JW. Coagulation and fibrinolysis in smoking and nonsmoking pregnant women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103:789. Bremme K, Ostlund E, Almqvist I, et al. Enhanced thrombin generation and fibrinolytic activity in normal pregnancy and the puerperium. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80:132. Levine AB, Teppa J, McGough B, Cowchock FS. Evaluation of the prethrombotic state in pregnancy and in women using oral contraceptives. Contraception 1996; 53:255. Uszy��ski M. Generation of thrombin in blood plasma of non-pregnant and pregnant women studied through concentration of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997; 75:127.

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Levine AB, Teppa J, McGough B, Cowchock FS. Evaluation of the prethrombotic state in pregnancy and in women using oral contraceptives. Contraception 1996; 53:255. Uszy��ski M. Generation of thrombin in blood plasma of non-pregnant and pregnant women studied through concentration of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997; 75:127. Bonnar J, McNicol GP, Douglas AS. Fibrinolytic enzyme system and pregnancy. Br Med J 1969; 3:387. Howie PW, Prentice CR, McNicol GP. Coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function in pre-eclampsia, essential hypertension and placental insufficiency. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1971; 78:992. Nakashima A, Kobayashi T, Terao T. Fibrinolysis during normal pregnancy and severe preeclampsia relationships between plasma levels of plasminogen activators and inhibitors. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1996; 42:95. Robb AO, Mills NL, Din JN, et al. Acute endothelial tissue plasminogen activator release in pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:138. Francalanci I, Comeglio P, Alessandrello Liotta A, et al. D-dimer plasma levels during normal pregnancy measured by specific ELISA. Int J Clin Lab Res 1997; 27:65. Bellart J, Gilabert R, Fontcuberta J, et al. Fibrinolysis changes in normal pregnancy. J Perinat Med 1997; 25:368. Chabloz P, Reber G, Boehlen F, et al. TAFI antigen and D-dimer levels during normal pregnancy and at delivery. Br J Haematol 2001; 115:150. Chan WS, Chunilal S, Lee A, et al. A red blood cell agglutination D-dimer test to exclude deep venous thrombosis in pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147:165. Kline JA, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J. D-dimer concentrations in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed. Clin Chem 2005; 51:825. Shaper AG, Kear J, Macintosh DM, et al. The platelet count, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation and the mechanism of fibrinolytic inhibition in pregnancy and the puerperium. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1968; 75:433. Sejeny SA, Eastham RD, Baker SR. Platelet counts during normal pregnancy. J Clin Pathol 1975; 28:812. Fay RA, Hughes AO, Farron NT. Platelets in pregnancy: hyperdestruction in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 61:238. TODD ME, THOMPSON JH Jr, BOWIE EJ, OWEN CA Jr. CHANGES IN BLOOD COAGULATION DURING PREGNANCY. Mayo Clin Proc 1965; 40:370. Fenton V, Saunders K, Cavill I. The platelet count in pregnancy. J Clin Pathol 1977; 30:68.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_26_17832

Fay RA, Hughes AO, Farron NT. Platelets in pregnancy: hyperdestruction in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 61:238. TODD ME, THOMPSON JH Jr, BOWIE EJ, OWEN CA Jr. CHANGES IN BLOOD COAGULATION DURING PREGNANCY. Mayo Clin Proc 1965; 40:370. Fenton V, Saunders K, Cavill I. The platelet count in pregnancy. J Clin Pathol 1977; 30:68. MOR A, YANG W, SCHWARZ A, JONES WC. Platelet counts in pregnancy and labor. A comparative study. Obstet Gynecol 1960; 16:338. Sill PR, Lind T, Walker W. Platelet values during normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92:480. Wallenburg HC, van Kessel PH. Platelet lifespan in normal pregnancy as determined by a nonradioisotopic technique. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 85:33. Gerbasi FR, Bottoms S, Farag A, Mammen E. Increased intravascular coagulation associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75:385. Robb AO, Din JN, Mills NL, et al. The influence of the menstrual cycle, normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia on platelet activation. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103:372. van der Weiden RM, Helmerhorst FM, Keirse MJ. Prostanoid excretion in incipient singleton and twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174:1614. Weiner CP, Martinez E, Chestnut DH, Ghodsi A. Effect of pregnancy on uterine and carotid artery response to norepinephrine, epinephrine, and phenylephrine in vessels with documented functional endothelium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161:1605. Weiner C, Martinez E, Zhu LK, et al. In vitro release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor by acetylcholine is increased during the guinea pig pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161:1599. Gisclard V, Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Effect of 17 beta-estradiol on endothelium-dependent responses in the rabbit. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 244:19. Miller VM, Aarkus LL, Vanhoutte PM. Effect of oestrogens on adrenergic and endothelium-dependent responses in the ovarian artery of the rabbit. In: Resistance Arteries, Halpern W, Pegram BL, Brayden JE, et al. (Eds), Perinatology Press, Syracuse 1988. p.136. Ahokas RA, Mercer BM, Sibai BM. Enhanced endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity in pregnant, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165:801. Fickling SA, Williams D, Vallance P, et al. Plasma concentrations of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1993; 342:242.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_26_17832

Ahokas RA, Mercer BM, Sibai BM. Enhanced endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity in pregnant, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165:801. Fickling SA, Williams D, Vallance P, et al. Plasma concentrations of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1993; 342:242. Nadar SK, Al Yemeni E, Blann AD, Lip GY. Thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor and E-selectin as plasma markers of endothelial damage/dysfunction and activation in pregnancy induced hypertension. Thromb Res 2004; 113:123. Schjetlein R, Haugen G, Wisløff F. Markers of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis in preeclampsia: association with intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76:541. VanWijk MJ, Boer K, Berckmans RJ, et al. Enhanced coagulation activation in preeclampsia: the role of APC resistance, microparticles and other plasma constituents. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88:415. Gilabert J, Fernandez JA, España F, et al. Physiological coagulation inhibitors (protein S, protein C and antithrombin III) in severe preeclamptic states and in users of oral contraceptives. Thromb Res 1988; 49:319. Srivastava M, Bali S, Pandey J, et al. Pregnancy induced hypertension and antithrombin-III. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1995; 38:257. Paternoster DM, Stella A, Simioni P, et al. Fibronectin and antithrombin as markers of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996; 70:33. Hillman S, Chant I, Gu M, et al. Tissue pathway factor inhibitor (TFPI) activity is elevated in pregnant patients at 20 weeks gestation who subsequently develop preeclampsia. Thromb Haemost 2009; 101:778. Erez O, Romero R, Hoppensteadt D, et al. Tissue factor and its natural inhibitor in pre-eclampsia and SGA. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:855. Kårehed K, Wikström AK, Olsson AK, et al. Fibrinogen and histidine-rich glycoprotein in early-onset preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:131. Roes EM, Sweep CG, Thomas CM, et al. Levels of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in maternal and umbilical cord plasma in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187:1019. Kruithof EK, Tran-Thang C, Gudinchet A, et al. Fibrinolysis in pregnancy: a study of plasminogen activator inhibitors. Blood 1987; 69:460.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_26_17832

Roes EM, Sweep CG, Thomas CM, et al. Levels of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in maternal and umbilical cord plasma in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187:1019. Kruithof EK, Tran-Thang C, Gudinchet A, et al. Fibrinolysis in pregnancy: a study of plasminogen activator inhibitors. Blood 1987; 69:460. Estellés A, Gilabert J, Aznar J, et al. Changes in the plasma levels of type 1 and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors in normal pregnancy and in patients with severe preeclampsia. Blood 1989; 74:1332. de Boer K, Lecander I, ten Cate JW, et al. Placental-type plasminogen activator inhibitor in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158:518. Konijnenberg A, Stokkers EW, van der Post JA, et al. Extensive platelet activation in preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy: enhanced expression of cell adhesion molecules. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176:461. Antovic JP, Rafik Hamad R, Antovic A, et al. Does thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) contribute to impairment of fibrinolysis in patients with preeclampsia and/or intrauterine fetal growth retardation? Thromb Haemost 2002; 88:644. Konijnenberg A, van der Post JA, Mol BW, et al. Can flow cytometric detection of platelet activation early in pregnancy predict the occurrence of preeclampsia? A prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177:434. Halim A, Kanayama N, el Maradny E, et al. Plasma P selectin (GMP-140) and glycocalicin are elevated in preeclampsia and eclampsia: their significances. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174:272. Ballegeer VC, Spitz B, De Baene LA, et al. Platelet activation and vascular damage in gestational hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166:629. Karalis I, Nadar SK, Al Yemeni E, et al. Platelet activation in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thromb Res 2005; 116:377. Macey MG, Bevan S, Alam S, et al. Platelet activation and endogenous thrombin potential in pre-eclampsia. Thromb Res 2010; 125:e76. Topic 1317 Version 5.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0605-197.136.42.3-071942397F-S244013.14]