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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the detection of Crohn's disease (with respect to endoscopic, radiologic and operative findings) Number of patients Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Study Author Year 181 (89) 81 79 79 81 [1] Pera A, et al 1988 61 (26) 77 96 NE NE [2] Stiatti A, et al 1990 36 86 97 NE NE [3] Hata J, et al 1992 127 (46) 78 (87)* 91 NE NE [4] Sheridan MB, et al 1993 (31) 73 93 NE NE [5] Brignola C, et al 1993 41 96 100 NE NE [6] Limberg B, et al 1994 59 95 93 90 95 [7] Solvig J, et al 1995 (115) 89 94 NE NE [8] Maconi G, et al 1996 227 (69) 84 NE 98 76 [9] Hollerbach S, et al 1998 (47) 81 86 96 57 [10] Andreoli A, et al 1998 30 87 100 NE NE [11] Miao YM, et al 2002 296 93 97 NE NE [12] Parente F, et al 2002 296 (211) 79 98 95 NE [12] Parente F, et al 2002 296 (85) 90 100 100 NE [12] Parente F, et al 2002 46 76 NE NE NE [13] Potthast S, et al 2002 46 31 NE NE NE [13] Potthast S, et al 2002 46 58 NE NE NE [13] Potthast S, et al 2002 46 89 NE NE NE [13] Potthast S, et al 2002 78 77 83 NE NE [14] Haber HP, et al 2002 48 56 97 NE NE [15] Schmidt T, et al 2003 48 56 97 NE NE [15] Schmidt T, et al 2003 48 67 100 NE NE [15] Schmidt T, et al 2003 625 (128) 87 96 93 81 [16] Maconi G, et al 2003 625 (128) 91 85 77 94 [16] Maconi G, et al 2003 102 91/96 • NE NE NE [17] Parente F, et al 2004 102 74/89 • 97 92 96 [17] Parente F, et al 2004 84 (50) 92 97 98 88 [18] Rispo A, et al 2005 48 81 Δ 63 Δ 63 Δ 81 Δ [19] Serra C, et al 2007 53 85 ◊ NE NE NE [20] Maconi G, et al 2007 119 91 NE NE NE [21] Martinez MJ, et al 2009 119 80 NE NE NE [21] Martinez MJ, et al 2009 58 86 90 83 92 [22] Neye H, et al 2010 58 78 95 86 91 [22] Neye H, et al 2010 58 90 99 90 99 [22] Neye H, et al 2010 PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; NE: not evaluable. Parentheses indicate the number of patients with proven Crohn's disease, if noted. * Learning curve. • Oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Δ Contrast-enhanced ultrasound. ◊ Transperineal ultrasound. References: Pera A, Cammarota T, Comino E, Caldera D, Ponti V, Astegiano M et al. Ultrasonography in the detection of Crohn's disease and in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion 1988; 41:180. Stiatti A, Martinuzzi A, Bartolini M, Lascialfari L, Trallori G, Morettini A. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory intestinal disease. Radiol Med (Torino) 1990; 80:301.

Pera A, Cammarota T, Comino E, Caldera D, Ponti V, Astegiano M et al. Ultrasonography in the detection of Crohn's disease and in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion 1988; 41:180. Stiatti A, Martinuzzi A, Bartolini M, Lascialfari L, Trallori G, Morettini A. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory intestinal disease. Radiol Med (Torino) 1990; 80:301. Hata J, Haruma K, Suenaga K, Yoshihara M, Yamamoto G, Tanaka S et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87:443. Sheridan MB, Nicholson DA, Martin DF. Transabdominal ultrasonography as the primary investigation in patients with suspected Crohn's disease or recurrence: a prospective study. Clin Radiol 1993; 48:402. Brignola C, Belloli C, Iannone P, De Simone G, Corbelli C, Levorato M et al. Comparison of scintigraphy with indium-111 leukocyte scan and ultrasonography in assessment of X-ray-demonstrated lesions of Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38:433. Limberg B, Osswald B. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease by hydrocolonic sonography. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:1051. Solvig J, Ekberg O, Lindgren S, Floren CH, Nilsson P. Ultrasound examination of the small bowel: comparison with enteroclysis in patients with Crohn disease. Abdom Imaging 1995; 20:323. Maconi G, Parente F, Bollani S, Cesana B, Bianchi PG. Abdominal ultrasound in the assessment of extent and activity of Crohn's disease: clinical significance and implication of bowel wall thickening. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:1604. Hollerbach S, Geissler A, Schiegl H, Kullmann F, Lock G, Schmidt J et al. The accuracy of abdominal ultrasound in the assessment of bowel disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998; 33:1201. Andreoli A, Cerro P, Falasco G, Giglio LA, Prantera C. Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:1117. Miao YM, Koh DM, Amin Z, Healy JC, Chinn RJ, Zeegen R et al. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging assessmentof active bowel segments in Crohn's disease. Clin Radiol 2002; 57:913. Parente F, Maconi G, Bollani S, Anderloni A, Sampietro G, Cristaldi M et al. Bowel ultrasound in assessment of Crohn's disease and detection of related small bowel strictures: a prospective comparative study versus x ray and intraoperative findings. Gut 2002; 50:490.

Miao YM, Koh DM, Amin Z, Healy JC, Chinn RJ, Zeegen R et al. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging assessmentof active bowel segments in Crohn's disease. Clin Radiol 2002; 57:913. Parente F, Maconi G, Bollani S, Anderloni A, Sampietro G, Cristaldi M et al. Bowel ultrasound in assessment of Crohn's disease and detection of related small bowel strictures: a prospective comparative study versus x ray and intraoperative findings. Gut 2002; 50:490. Potthast S, Rieber A, Von Tirpitz C, Wruk D, Adler G, Brambs HJ. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in Crohn's disease: a comparison. Eur Radiol 2002; 12:1416. Haber HP, Busch A, Ziebach R, Dette S, Ruck P, Stern M. Ultrasonographic findings correspond to clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings in inflammatory bowel disease and other enterocolitides. J Ultrasound Med 2002; 21:375. Schmidt T, Reinshagen M, Brambs HJ, Adler G, Rieber A, Tirpitz V et al. Comparison of conventional enteroclysis, intestinal ultrasound and MRI-enteroclysis for determining changes in the small intestine and complications in patients with Crohn's disease. Z Gastroenterol 2003; 41:641. Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Parente F, Pompili G, Russo A, Cristaldi M et al. Contrast radiology, computed tomography and ultrasonography in detecting internal fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses in Crohn's disease: a prospective comparative study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1545. Parente F, Greco S, Molteni M, Anderloni A, Sampietro GM, Danelli PG et al. Oral contrast enhanced bowel ultrasonography in the assessment of small intestine Crohn's disease. A prospective comparison with conventional ultrasound, x ray studies, and ileocolonoscopy. Gut 2004; 53:1652. Rispo A, Imbriaco M, Celentano L, Cozzolino A, Camera L, Mainenti PP et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of small bowel Crohn's disease: combined use of bowel sonography and Tc-99m-HMPAO leukocyte scintigraphy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005; 11:376. Serra C, Menozzi G, Labate AM, Giangregorio F, Gionchetti P, Beltrami M, Robotti D, Fornari F, Cammarota T. Ultrasound assessment of vascularization of the thickened terminal ileum wall in Crohn's disease patients using a low-mechanical index real-time scanning technique with a second generation ultrasound contrast agent. Eur J Radiol. 2007; 62:114.

Serra C, Menozzi G, Labate AM, Giangregorio F, Gionchetti P, Beltrami M, Robotti D, Fornari F, Cammarota T. Ultrasound assessment of vascularization of the thickened terminal ileum wall in Crohn's disease patients using a low-mechanical index real-time scanning technique with a second generation ultrasound contrast agent. Eur J Radiol. 2007; 62:114. Maconi G, Ardizzone S, Greco S, Radice E, Bezzio C, Bianchi Porro G. Transperineal ultrasound in the detection of perianal and rectovaginal fistulae in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102:2214. Martínez MJ, Ripollés T, Paredes JM, Blanc E, Martí-Bonmatí L. Assessment of the extension and the inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease: comparison of ultrasound and MRI. Abdom Imaging. 2009; 34:141. Neye H, Ensberg D, Rauh P, Peitz U, Mönkemüller K, Treiber G, Klauck S, Malfertheiner P, Rickes S.Impact of high-resolution transabdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of complications of Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010; 45: 690.