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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f43_1_44056

REFERENCES Dulon M, Weichenthal M, Blettner M, et al. Sun exposure and number of nevi in 5- to 6-year-old European children. J Clin Epidemiol 2002; 55:1075. Wiecker TS, Luther H, Buettner P, et al. Moderate sun exposure and nevus counts in parents are associated with development of melanocytic nevi in childhood: a risk factor study in 1,812 kindergarten children. Cancer 2003; 97:628. Harrison SL, MacLennan R, Buettner PG. Sun exposure and the incidence of melanocytic nevi in young Australian children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:2318. Oliveria SA, Satagopan JM, Geller AC, et al. Study of Nevi in Children (SONIC): baseline findings and predictors of nevus count. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:41. Aalborg J, Morelli JG, Mokrohisky ST, et al. Tanning and increased nevus development in very-light-skinned children without red hair. Arch Dermatol 2009; 145:989. Gallagher RP, Rivers JK, Lee TK, et al. Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000; 283:2955. Autier P, Doré JF, Cattaruzza MS, et al. Sunscreen use, wearing clothes, and number of nevi in 6- to 7-year-old European children. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Cooperative Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:1873. Luther H, Altmeyer P, Garbe C, et al. Increase of melanocytic nevus counts in children during 5 years of follow-up and analysis of associated factors. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132:1473. Garbe C, Büttner P, Weiss J, et al. Associated factors in the prevalence of more than 50 common melanocytic nevi, atypical melanocytic nevi, and actinic lentigines: multicenter case-control study of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102:700. Schaffer JV. Pigmented lesions in children: when to worry. Curr Opin Pediatr 2007; 19:430. Dellavalle RP, Johnson KR, Hester EJ, et al. Children with red hair have more freckles but fewer melanocytic nevi: results from a cohort study of 280 three-year-olds. Arch Dermatol 2005; 141:1042. Aalborg J, Morelli JG, Byers TE, et al. Effect of hair color and sun sensitivity on nevus counts in white children in Colorado. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:430. Harrison SL, Buettner PG, MacLennan R. Body-site distribution of melanocytic nevi in young Australian children. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135:47.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f43_1_44056

Dellavalle RP, Johnson KR, Hester EJ, et al. Children with red hair have more freckles but fewer melanocytic nevi: results from a cohort study of 280 three-year-olds. Arch Dermatol 2005; 141:1042. Aalborg J, Morelli JG, Byers TE, et al. Effect of hair color and sun sensitivity on nevus counts in white children in Colorado. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:430. Harrison SL, Buettner PG, MacLennan R. Body-site distribution of melanocytic nevi in young Australian children. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135:47. De Giorgi V, Sestini S, Grazzini M, et al. Prevalence and distribution of melanocytic naevi on the scalp: a prospective study. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:345. Coleman WP 3rd, Gately LE 3rd, Krementz AB, et al. Nevi, lentigines, and melanomas in blacks. Arch Dermatol 1980; 116:548. Martín RF, Sánchez JL, Vázquez-Botet M, Lugo A. Pigmented macules on palms and soles in Puerto Ricans. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33:418. Kogushi-Nishi H, Kawasaki J, Kageshita T, et al. The prevalence of melanocytic nevi on the soles in the Japanese population. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:767. Palicka GA, Rhodes AR. Acral melanocytic nevi: prevalence and distribution of gross morphologic features in white and black adults. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146:1085. Goettmann-Bonvallot S, André J, Belaich S. Longitudinal melanonychia in children: a clinical and histopathologic study of 40 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41:17. Buka R, Friedman KA, Phelps RG, et al. Childhood longitudinal melanonychia: case reports and review of the literature. Mt Sinai J Med 2001; 68:331. Siskind V, Darlington S, Green L, Green A. Evolution of melanocytic nevi on the faces and necks of adolescents: a 4 y longitudinal study. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:500. Scope A, Dusza SW, Marghoob AA, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic stability and volatility of melanocytic nevi in a population-based cohort of children in Framingham school system. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1615. Bauer J, Garbe C. Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. Pigment Cell Res 2003; 16:297. NIH Consensus conference. Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma. JAMA 1992; 268:1314. Piepkorn M, Meyer LJ, Goldgar D, et al. The dysplastic melanocytic nevus: a prevalent lesion that correlates poorly with clinical phenotype. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 20:407.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f43_1_44056

Bauer J, Garbe C. Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. Pigment Cell Res 2003; 16:297. NIH Consensus conference. Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma. JAMA 1992; 268:1314. Piepkorn M, Meyer LJ, Goldgar D, et al. The dysplastic melanocytic nevus: a prevalent lesion that correlates poorly with clinical phenotype. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 20:407. Slade J, Marghoob AA, Salopek TG, et al. Atypical mole syndrome: risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma and implications for management. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:479. Precursors to malignant melanoma. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, Oct. 24-26, 1983. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 10:683. Tucker MA, Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, et al. Dysplastic nevi on the scalp of prepubertal children from melanoma-prone families. J Pediatr 1983; 103:65. Suh KY, Bolognia JL. Signature nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:508. Kessides MC, Puttgen KB, Cohen BA. No biopsy needed for eclipse and cockade nevi found on the scalps of children. Arch Dermatol 2009; 145:1334. Naeyaert JM, Brochez L. Clinical practice. Dysplastic nevi. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:2233. Seykora J, Elder D. Dysplastic nevi and other risk markers for melanoma. Semin Oncol 1996; 23:682. Grob JJ, Andrac L, Romano MH, et al. Dysplastic naevus in non-familial melanoma. A clinicopathological study of 101 cases. Br J Dermatol 1988; 118:745. Halpern AC, Guerry D 4th, Elder DE, et al. Natural history of dysplastic nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 29:51. Tucker MA, Fraser MC, Goldstein AM, et al. Risk of melanoma and other cancers in melanoma-prone families. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100:350S. Bolognia JL, Lin A, Shapiro PE. The significance of eccentric foci of hyperpigmentation ('small dark dots') within melanocytic nevi. Analysis of 59 cases. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130:1013. Tucker MA, Halpern A, Holly EA, et al. Clinically recognized dysplastic nevi. A central risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. JAMA 1997; 277:1439. Salopek TG. The dilemma of the dysplastic nevus. Dermatol Clin 2002; 20:617. Grob JJ, Bonerandi JJ. The 'ugly duckling' sign: identification of the common characteristics of nevi in an individual as a basis for melanoma screening. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:103.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f43_1_44056

Tucker MA, Halpern A, Holly EA, et al. Clinically recognized dysplastic nevi. A central risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. JAMA 1997; 277:1439. Salopek TG. The dilemma of the dysplastic nevus. Dermatol Clin 2002; 20:617. Grob JJ, Bonerandi JJ. The 'ugly duckling' sign: identification of the common characteristics of nevi in an individual as a basis for melanoma screening. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:103. Bergman W, van Voorst Vader PC, Ruiter DJ. [Dysplastic nevi and the risk of melanoma: a guideline for patient care. Nederlandse Melanoom Werkgroep van de Vereniging voor Integrale Kankercentra]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1997; 141:2010. Zeff RA, Freitag A, Grin CM, Grant-Kels JM. The immune response in halo nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:620. Kopf AW, Morrill SD, Silberberg I. Broad spectrum of leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum. Arch Dermatol 1965; 92:14. Rivers JK, MacLennan R, Kelly JW, et al. The eastern Australian childhood nevus study: prevalence of atypical nevi, congenital nevus-like nevi, and other pigmented lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:957. Mooney MA, Barr RJ, Buxton MG. Halo nevus or halo phenomenon? A study of 142 cases. J Cutan Pathol 1995; 22:342. FRANK SB, COHEN HJ. THE HALO NEVUS. Arch Dermatol 1964; 89:367. Huynh PM, Lazova R, Bolognia JL. Unusual halo nevi--darkening rather than lightening of the central nevus. Dermatology 2001; 202:324. Lai C, Lockhart S, Mallory SB. Typical halo nevi in childhood: is a biopsy necessary? J Pediatr 2001; 138:283. González-Cámpora R, Galera-Davidson H, Vázquez-Ramírez FJ, Díaz-Cano S. Blue nevus: classical types and new related entities. A differential diagnostic review. Pathol Res Pract 1994; 190:627. Van Raamsdonk CD, Bezrookove V, Green G, et al. Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi. Nature 2009; 457:599. Emley A, Nguyen LP, Yang S, Mahalingam M. Somatic mutations in GNAQ in amelanotic/hypomelanotic blue nevi. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:136. Carney JA, Gordon H, Carpenter PC, et al. The complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Medicine (Baltimore) 1985; 64:270. Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, et al. Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:316.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f43_1_44056

Carney JA, Gordon H, Carpenter PC, et al. The complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Medicine (Baltimore) 1985; 64:270. Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, et al. Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:316. Aloi F, Pich A, Pippione M. Malignant cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathological study of 6 cases. Dermatology 1996; 192:36. Sau P, Graham JH, Helwig EB. Pigmented spindle cell nevus: a clinicopathologic analysis of ninety-five cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 28:565. Nino M, Brunetti B, Delfino S, et al. Spitz nevus: follow-up study of 8 cases of childhood starburst type and proposal for management. Dermatology 2009; 218:48. Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, et al. Natural evolution of Spitz nevi. Dermatology 2011; 222:256. LeBoit P. Spitz nevus: a look back and a look ahead. Adv Dermatol 2000; 16:81. Spatz A, Calonje E, Handfield-Jones S, Barnhill RL. Spitz tumors in children: a grading system for risk stratification. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135:282. Scope A, Tabanelli M, Busam KJ, et al. Dispelling the myth of the "benign hair sign" for melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56:413. Topic 4846 Version 9.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.4 - C21.36 Licensed to: Southeast Alabama Med Ctr | Support Tag: [0603-77.94.48.4-442DE206A6-S244013.14]