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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_46_18151

REFERENCES Cooper DA, Gold J, Maclean P, et al. Acute AIDS retrovirus infection. Definition of a clinical illness associated with seroconversion. Lancet 1985; 1:537. Kahn JO, Walker BD. Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:33. Zhu T, Wang N, Carr A, et al. Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and genital secretions: evidence for viral compartmentalization and selection during sexual transmission. J Virol 1996; 70:3098. Alkhatib G, Combadiere C, Broder CC, et al. CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 1996; 272:1955. Dragic T, Litwin V, Allaway GP, et al. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature 1996; 381:667. Paxton WA, Martin SR, Tse D, et al. Relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes from persons who remain uninfected despite multiple high-risk sexual exposure. Nat Med 1996; 2:412. Liu R, Paxton WA, Choe S, et al. Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 1996; 86:367. Biti R, Ffrench R, Young J, et al. HIV-1 infection in an individual homozygous for the CCR5 deletion allele. Nat Med 1997; 3:252. O'Brien TR, Winkler C, Dean M, et al. HIV-1 infection in a man homozygous for CCR5 delta 32. Lancet 1997; 349:1219. Centlivre M, Sala M, Wain-Hobson S, Berkhout B. In HIV-1 pathogenesis the die is cast during primary infection. AIDS 2007; 21:1. Nilsson J, Kinloch-de-Loes S, Granath A, et al. Early immune activation in gut-associated and peripheral lymphoid tissue during acute HIV infection. AIDS 2007; 21:565. Mattapallil JJ, Douek DC, Hill B, et al. Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection. Nature 2005; 434:1093. Li Q, Duan L, Estes JD, et al. Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells. Nature 2005; 434:1148. Kotler DP. HIV infection and the gastrointestinal tract. AIDS 2005; 19:107. Haynes BF. Gut microbes out of control in HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12:1351. Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12:1365.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_46_18151

Li Q, Duan L, Estes JD, et al. Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells. Nature 2005; 434:1148. Kotler DP. HIV infection and the gastrointestinal tract. AIDS 2005; 19:107. Haynes BF. Gut microbes out of control in HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12:1351. Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12:1365. Nowak MA, Lloyd AL, Vasquez GM, et al. Viral dynamics of primary viremia and antiretroviral therapy in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 1997; 71:7518. Fiebig EW, Wright DJ, Rawal BD, et al. Dynamics of HIV viremia and antibody seroconversion in plasma donors: implications for diagnosis and staging of primary HIV infection. AIDS 2003; 17:1871. Little SJ, McLean AR, Spina CA, et al. Viral dynamics of acute HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 1999; 190:841. Fiebig EW, Heldebrant CM, Smith RI, et al. Intermittent low-level viremia in very early primary HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005; 39:133. Goujard C, Bonarek M, Meyer L, et al. CD4 cell count and HIV DNA level are independent predictors of disease progression after primary HIV type 1 infection in untreated patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:709. Quinn TC. Acute primary HIV infection. JAMA 1997; 278:58. Grabar S, Selinger-Leneman H, Abgrall S, et al. Prevalence and comparative characteristics of long-term nonprogressors and HIV controller patients in the French Hospital Database on HIV. AIDS 2009; 23:1163. Zaunders JJ, Munier ML, Kaufmann DE, et al. Early proliferation of CCR5(+) CD38(+++) antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 effector cells during primary HIV-1 infection. Blood 2005; 106:1660. Kared H, Lelièvre JD, Donkova-Petrini V, et al. HIV-specific regulatory T cells are associated with higher CD4 cell counts in primary infection. AIDS 2008; 22:2451. Finzi D, Hermankova M, Pierson T, et al. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Science 1997; 278:1295. Chun TW, Justement JS, Murray D, et al. Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir: implications for eradication. AIDS 2010; 24:2803. Viganò A, Trabattoni D, Schneider L, et al. Failure to eradicate HIV despite fully successful HAART initiated in the first days of life. J Pediatr 2006; 148:389.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_46_18151

Chun TW, Justement JS, Murray D, et al. Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir: implications for eradication. AIDS 2010; 24:2803. Viganò A, Trabattoni D, Schneider L, et al. Failure to eradicate HIV despite fully successful HAART initiated in the first days of life. J Pediatr 2006; 148:389. Telenti A, Ioannidis JP. Susceptibility to HIV infection--disentangling host genetics and host behavior. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:4. Shrestha S, Strathdee SA, Galai N, et al. Behavioral risk exposure and host genetics of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:16. Tindall B, Cooper DA, Donovan B, Penny R. Primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical and serologic aspects. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1988; 2:329. Pao D, Fisher M, Hué S, et al. Transmission of HIV-1 during primary infection: relationship to sexual risk and sexually transmitted infections. AIDS 2005; 19:85. Tindall B, Barker S, Donovan B, et al. Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148:945. Schacker T, Collier AC, Hughes J, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of primary HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125:257. Pedersen C, Lindhardt BO, Jensen BL, et al. Clinical course of primary HIV infection: consequences for subsequent course of infection. BMJ 1989; 299:154. Dorrucci M, Rezza G, Vlahov D, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users. Italian Seroconversion Study. AIDS 1995; 9:597. Little SJ, Holte S, Routy JP, et al. Antiretroviral-drug resistance among patients recently infected with HIV. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:385. Little SJ, Daar ES, D'Aquila RT, et al. Reduced antiretroviral drug susceptibility among patients with primary HIV infection. JAMA 1999; 282:1142. Boden D, Hurley A, Zhang L, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance in newly infected individuals. JAMA 1999; 282:1135. Yerly S, Kaiser L, Race E, et al. Transmission of antiretroviral-drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Lancet 1999; 354:729. Long EM, Martin HL Jr, Kreiss JK, et al. Gender differences in HIV-1 diversity at time of infection. Nat Med 2000; 6:71. Pilcher CD, Tien HC, Eron JJ Jr, et al. Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:1785.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f17_46_18151

Yerly S, Kaiser L, Race E, et al. Transmission of antiretroviral-drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Lancet 1999; 354:729. Long EM, Martin HL Jr, Kreiss JK, et al. Gender differences in HIV-1 diversity at time of infection. Nat Med 2000; 6:71. Pilcher CD, Tien HC, Eron JJ Jr, et al. Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:1785. Brown AE, Gifford RJ, Clewley JP, et al. Phylogenetic reconstruction of transmission events from individuals with acute HIV infection: toward more-rigorous epidemiological definitions. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:427. Miller WC, Leone PA, McCoy S, et al. Targeted testing for acute HIV infection in North Carolina. AIDS 2009; 23:835. Eshleman SH, Khaki L, Laeyendecker O, et al. Detection of individuals with acute HIV-1 infection using the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 52:121. Topic 3752 Version 7.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0504-125.39.66.147-E57427EB1A-S244013.14]