Browse the corpus

REFERENCES American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines on intestinal ischemia. Gastroenterology 2000; 118:951. McKinsey JF, Gewertz BL. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Surg Clin North Am 1997; 77:307. Reinus JF, Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. Ischemic diseases of the bowel. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990; 19:319. Ottinger LW. Mesenteric ischemia. N Engl J Med 1982; 307:535. Rosenblum JD, Boyle CM, Schwartz LB. The mesenteric circulation. Anatomy and physiology. Surg Clin North Am 1997; 77:289. Boley, SJ, Frieber, W, Winslow, PR, et al. Circulatory responses to acute reduction of superior mesenteric arterial flow. Physiologist 1969; 12:180. Zimmerman BJ, Granger DN. Reperfusion injury. Surg Clin North Am 1992; 72:65. Cappell MS. Intestinal (mesenteric) vasculopathy. I. Acute superior mesenteric arteriopathy and venopathy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1998; 27:783. Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, De Stefano V, et al. Different risks of thrombosis in four coagulation defects associated with inherited thrombophilia: a study of 150 families. Blood 1998; 92:2353. Thomas DP, Roberts HR. Hypercoagulability in venous and arterial thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126:638. Boley SJ, Brandt LJ, Sammartano RJ. History of mesenteric ischemia. The evolution of a diagnosis and management. Surg Clin North Am 1997; 77:275. Acosta S, Alhadad A, Svensson P, Ekberg O. Epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors in mesenteric venous thrombosis. Br J Surg 2008; 95:1245. Rhee RY, Gloviczki P. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. Surg Clin North Am 1997; 77:327. Amitrano L, Brancaccio V, Guardascione MA, et al. High prevalence of thrombophilic genotypes in patients with acute mesenteric vein thrombosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:146. Kumar S, Kamath PS. Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis: one disease or two? Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1299. Provan D, O'Shaughnessy DF. Recent advances in haematology. BMJ 1999; 318:991. de Visser MC, Rosendaal FR, Bertina RM. A reduced sensitivity for activated protein C in the absence of factor V Leiden increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood 1999; 93:1271. Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A. Activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:643.

de Visser MC, Rosendaal FR, Bertina RM. A reduced sensitivity for activated protein C in the absence of factor V Leiden increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood 1999; 93:1271. Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A. Activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:643. Margaglione M, Brancaccio V, Giuliani N, et al. Increased risk for venous thrombosis in carriers of the prothrombin G-->A20210 gene variant. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129:89. Sudhakar CB, Al-Hakeem M, MacArthur JD, Sumpio BE. Mesenteric ischemia secondary to cocaine abuse: case reports and literature review. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:1053. Chamouard P, Pencreach E, Maloisel F, et al. Frequent factor II G20210A mutation in idiopathic portal vein thrombosis. Gastroenterology 1999; 116:144. Heresbach D, Pagenault M, Gueret P, et al. Leiden factor V mutation in four patients with small bowel infarctions. Gastroenterology 1997; 113:322. Orr DW, Harrison PM, Devlin J, et al. Chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis: evaluation and determinants of survival during long-term follow-up. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5:80. Wilcox MG, Howard TJ, Plaskon LA, et al. Current theories of pathogenesis and treatment of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:709. Endress C, Gray DG, Wollschlaeger G. Bowel ischemia and perforation after cocaine use. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992; 159:73. Gennaro M, Ascer E, Matano R, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass. Am J Surg 1993; 166:231. Garofalo M, Borioni R, Nardi P, et al. Early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2002; 43:455. Diamond SM, Emmett M, Henrich WL. Bowel infarction as a cause of death in dialysis patients. JAMA 1986; 256:2545. Bassiouny HS. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Surg Clin North Am 1997; 77:319. Font VE, Hermann RE, Longworth DL. Chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis: difficult diagnosis and therapy. Cleve Clin J Med 1989; 56:823. Finucane PM, Arunachalam T, O'Dowd J, Pathy MS. Acute mesenteric infarction in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37:355. Harward TR, Green D, Bergan JJ, et al. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 1989; 9:328.

Font VE, Hermann RE, Longworth DL. Chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis: difficult diagnosis and therapy. Cleve Clin J Med 1989; 56:823. Finucane PM, Arunachalam T, O'Dowd J, Pathy MS. Acute mesenteric infarction in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37:355. Harward TR, Green D, Bergan JJ, et al. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 1989; 9:328. Kougias P, Lau D, El Sayed HF, et al. Determinants of mortality and treatment outcome following surgical interventions for acute mesenteric ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2007; 46:467. Glenister KM, Corke CF. Infarcted intestine: a diagnostic void. ANZ J Surg 2004; 74:260. Lange H, Jäckel R. Usefulness of plasma lactate concentration in the diagnosis of acute abdominal disease. Eur J Surg 1994; 160:381. Klein HM, Lensing R, Klosterhalfen B, et al. Diagnostic imaging of mesenteric infarction. Radiology 1995; 197:79. Wilson C, Imrie CW. Amylase and gut infarction. Br J Surg 1986; 73:219. Gearhart SL, Delaney CP, Senagore AJ, et al. Prospective assessment of the predictive value of alpha-glutathione S-transferase for intestinal ischemia. Am Surg 2003; 69:324. Jamieson WG, Marchuk S, Rowsom J, Durand D. The early diagnosis of massive acute intestinal ischaemia. Br J Surg 1982; 69 Suppl:S52. Block T, Nilsson TK, Björck M, Acosta S. Diagnostic accuracy of plasma biomarkers for intestinal ischaemia. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2008; 68:242. Altinyollar H, Boyabatli M, Berbero��lu U. D-dimer as a marker for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Thromb Res 2006; 117:463. Salomone T, Tosi P, Palareti G, et al. Coagulative disorders in human acute pancreatitis: role for the D-dimer. Pancreas 2003; 26:111. Adam DJ, Haggart PC, Ludlam CA, Bradbury AW. Hemostatic markers before operation in patients with acutely symptomatic nonruptured and ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35:661. Kanda T, Fujii H, Tani T, et al. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein is a useful diagnostic marker for mesenteric infarction in humans. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:339. Arakawa K, Takeyoshi I, Muraoka M, et al. Measuring platelet aggregation to estimate small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2004; 122:195. Murray MJ, Gonze MD, Nowak LR, Cobb CF. Serum D(-)-lactate levels as an aid to diagnosing acute intestinal ischemia. Am J Surg 1994; 167:575.

Kanda T, Fujii H, Tani T, et al. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein is a useful diagnostic marker for mesenteric infarction in humans. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:339. Arakawa K, Takeyoshi I, Muraoka M, et al. Measuring platelet aggregation to estimate small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2004; 122:195. Murray MJ, Gonze MD, Nowak LR, Cobb CF. Serum D(-)-lactate levels as an aid to diagnosing acute intestinal ischemia. Am J Surg 1994; 167:575. Polk JD, Rael LT, Craun ML, et al. Clinical utility of the cobalt-albumin binding assay in the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia. J Trauma 2008; 64:42. Gunduz A, Turedi S, Mentese A, et al. Ischemia-modified albumin in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: a preliminary study. Am J Emerg Med 2008; 26:202. Bakal CW, Sprayregen S, Wolf EL. Radiology in intestinal ischemia. Angiographic diagnosis and management. Surg Clin North Am 1992; 72:125. Taourel PG, Deneuville M, Pradel JA, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology 1996; 199:632. Kernagis LY, Levine MS, Jacobs JE. Pneumatosis intestinalis in patients with ischemia: correlation of CT findings with viability of the bowel. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180:733. Li KC. Magnetic resonance angiography of the visceral arteries: techniques and current applications. Endoscopy 1997; 29:496. Laissy JP, Trillaud H, Douek P. MR angiography: noninvasive vascular imaging of the abdomen. Abdom Imaging 2002; 27:488. Hagspiel KD, Leung DA, Angle JF, et al. MR angiography of the mesenteric vasculature. Radiol Clin North Am 2002; 40:867. Fleischmann D. Multiple detector-row CT angiography of the renal and mesenteric vessels. Eur J Radiol 2003; 45 Suppl 1:S79. Bradbury MS, Kavanagh PV, Chen MY, et al. Noninvasive assessment of portomesenteric venous thrombosis: current concepts and imaging strategies. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2002; 26:392. Laghi A, Iannaccone R, Catalano C, Passariello R. Multislice spiral computed tomography angiography of mesenteric arteries. Lancet 2001; 358:638. Horton KM, Fishman EK. The current status of multidetector row CT and three-dimensional imaging of the small bowel. Radiol Clin North Am 2003; 41:199. Kim AY, Ha HK. Evaluation of suspected mesenteric ischemia: efficacy of radiologic studies. Radiol Clin North Am 2003; 41:327.

Laghi A, Iannaccone R, Catalano C, Passariello R. Multislice spiral computed tomography angiography of mesenteric arteries. Lancet 2001; 358:638. Horton KM, Fishman EK. The current status of multidetector row CT and three-dimensional imaging of the small bowel. Radiol Clin North Am 2003; 41:199. Kim AY, Ha HK. Evaluation of suspected mesenteric ischemia: efficacy of radiologic studies. Radiol Clin North Am 2003; 41:327. Mitsuyoshi A, Obama K, Shinkura N, et al. Survival in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: early diagnosis by multidetector row computed tomography and early treatment with continuous intravenous high-dose prostaglandin E(1). Ann Surg 2007; 246:229. Ofer A, Abadi S, Nitecki S, et al. Multidetector CT angiography in the evaluation of acute mesenteric ischemia. Eur Radiol 2009; 19:24. Boley, SJ, Treiber, W, Winslow, PR, et al. Circulatory responses to acute reduction of superior mesenteric arterial flow. Physiologist 1969; 12:180. McBride KD, Gaines PA. Thrombolysis of a partially occluding superior mesenteric artery thromboembolus by infusion of streptokinase. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1994; 17:164. Rivitz SM, Geller SC, Hahn C, Waltman AC. Treatment of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis with transjugular intramesenteric urokinase infusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995; 6:219. Simó G, Echenagusia AJ, Camúñez F, et al. Superior mesenteric arterial embolism: local fibrinolytic treatment with urokinase. Radiology 1997; 204:775. Schoots IG, Levi MM, Reekers JA, et al. Thrombolytic therapy for acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16:317. Klempnauer J, Grothues F, Bektas H, Pichlmayr R. Long-term results after surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia. Surgery 1997; 121:239. Cho JS, Carr JA, Jacobsen G, et al. Long-term outcome after mesenteric artery reconstruction: a 37-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35:453. Demirpolat G, Oran I, Tamsel S, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: endovascular therapy. Abdom Imaging 2007; 32:299. Wyers MC, Powell RJ, Nolan BW, Cronenwett JL. Retrograde mesenteric stenting during laparotomy for acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2007; 45:269. Yoon YW, Choi D, Cho SY, Lee DY. Successful treatment of isolated spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection with stent placement. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2003; 26:475. Kumar S, Sarr MG, Kamath PS. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1683.

Wyers MC, Powell RJ, Nolan BW, Cronenwett JL. Retrograde mesenteric stenting during laparotomy for acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2007; 45:269. Yoon YW, Choi D, Cho SY, Lee DY. Successful treatment of isolated spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection with stent placement. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2003; 26:475. Kumar S, Sarr MG, Kamath PS. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1683. Petitti DB, Strom BL, Melmon KL. Duration of warfarin anticoagulant therapy and the probabilities of recurrent thromboembolism and hemorrhage. Am J Med 1986; 81:255. Abdu RA, Zakhour BJ, Dallis DJ. Mesenteric venous thrombosis--1911 to 1984. Surgery 1987; 101:383. Poplausky MR, Kaufman JA, Geller SC, Waltman AC. Mesenteric venous thrombosis treated with urokinase via the superior mesenteric artery. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:1633. Ward D, Vernava AM, Kaminski DL, et al. Improved outcome by identification of high-risk nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, aggressive reexploration, and delayed anastomosis. Am J Surg 1995; 170:577. Topic 2559 Version 6.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.4 - C21.36 Licensed to: Southeast Alabama Med Ctr | Support Tag: [0604-202.43.93.2-49404BB9CF-S244013.14]