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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f6_55_7032

REFERENCES Markowitz GS, Perazella MA. Acute phosphate nephropathy. Kidney Int 2009; 76:1027. Ori Y, Rozen-Zvi B, Chagnac A, et al. Fatalities and severe metabolic disorders associated with the use of sodium phosphate enemas: a single center's experience. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172:263. Vanner SJ, MacDonald PH, Paterson WG, et al. A randomized prospective trial comparing oral sodium phosphate with standard polyethylene glycol-based lavage solution (Golytely) in the preparation of patients for colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85:422. Cohen SM, Wexner SD, Binderow SR, et al. Prospective, randomized, endoscopic-blinded trial comparing precolonoscopy bowel cleansing methods. Dis Colon Rectum 1994; 37:689. Golub RW, Kerner BA, Wise WE Jr, et al. Colonoscopic bowel preparations--which one? A blinded, prospective, randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum 1995; 38:594. Tan JJ, Tjandra JJ. Which is the optimal bowel preparation for colonoscopy - a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8:247. Desmeules S, Bergeron MJ, Isenring P. Acute phosphate nephropathy and renal failure. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1006. Markowitz GS, Stokes MB, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agati VD. Acute phosphate nephropathy following oral sodium phosphate bowel purgative: an underrecognized cause of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:3389. Markowitz GS, Whelan J, D'Agati VD. Renal failure following bowel cleansing with a sodium phosphate purgative. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20:850. Demoulin N, Jadoul M, Cosyns JP, Labriola L. An easily overlooked iatrogenic cause of renal failure. Clin Nephrol 2008; 70:176. Steinman TI, Samir AE, Cornell LD. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 27-2008. A 64-year-old man with abdominal pain, nausea, and an elevated level of serum creatinine. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:951. Center of Drug Evaluation Research. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Oral sodium phosphate (OSP) products for bowel cleansing. US government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2006.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f6_55_7032

Steinman TI, Samir AE, Cornell LD. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 27-2008. A 64-year-old man with abdominal pain, nausea, and an elevated level of serum creatinine. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:951. Center of Drug Evaluation Research. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Oral sodium phosphate (OSP) products for bowel cleansing. US government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2006. American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), et al. A consensus document on bowel preparation before colonoscopy: prepared by a task force from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). Surg Endosc 2006; 20:1147. Center of Drug Evaluation Research. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Oral sodium phosphate (OSP) products for bowel cleansing (marketed as Visicol and OsmoPrep, and oral sodium phosphate products available without a prescription. US government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008. Lieberman DA, Ghormley J, Flora K. Effect of oral sodium phosphate colon preparation on serum electrolytes in patients with normal serum creatinine. Gastrointest Endosc 1996; 43:467. Gumurdulu Y, Serin E, Ozer B, et al. Age as a predictor of hyperphosphatemia after oral phosphosoda administration for colon preparation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 19:68. Murer H, Hernando N, Forster L, Biber J. Molecular mechanisms in proximal tubular and small intestinal phosphate reabsorption (plenary lecture). Mol Membr Biol 2001; 18:3. Forster IC, Hernando N, Biber J, Murer H. Proximal tubular handling of phosphate: A molecular perspective. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1548. Heher EC, Thier SO, Rennke H, Humphreys BD. Adverse renal and metabolic effects associated with oral sodium phosphate bowel preparation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:1494. Mishra R, Kaufman D, Mattern J 3rd, Dutta SK. Severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia caused by bowel preparation for colonoscopy using oral sodium phosphate in end-stage renal disease. Endoscopy 2005; 37:1259. Wechsler A, Schneider R, Sapojnikov M, et al. Bowel cleansing in patients with chronic renal failure--an often overlooked hazard. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:1133.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f6_55_7032

Mishra R, Kaufman D, Mattern J 3rd, Dutta SK. Severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia caused by bowel preparation for colonoscopy using oral sodium phosphate in end-stage renal disease. Endoscopy 2005; 37:1259. Wechsler A, Schneider R, Sapojnikov M, et al. Bowel cleansing in patients with chronic renal failure--an often overlooked hazard. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:1133. Fass R, Do S, Hixson LJ. Fatal hyperphosphatemia following Fleet Phospo-Soda in a patient with colonic ileus. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:929. Hebert LA, Lemann J Jr, Petersen JR, Lennon EJ. Studies of the mechanism by which phosphate infusion lowers serum calcium concentration. J Clin Invest 1966; 45:1886. Markowitz GS, Nasr SH, Klein P, et al. Renal failure due to acute nephrocalcinosis following oral sodium phosphate bowel cleansing. Hum Pathol 2004; 35:675. Asplin JR, Mandel NS, Coe FL. Evidence of calcium phosphate supersaturation in the loop of Henle. Am J Physiol 1996; 270:F604. Verhulst A, Asselman M, De Naeyer S, et al. Preconditioning of the distal tubular epithelium of the human kidney precedes nephrocalcinosis. Kidney Int 2005; 68:1643. Khurana A, McLean L, Atkinson S, Foulks CJ. The effect of oral sodium phosphate drug products on renal function in adults undergoing bowel endoscopy. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:593. Brunelli SM, Lewis JD, Gupta M, et al. Risk of kidney injury following oral phosphosoda bowel preparations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:3199. Tenenhouse HS, Gauthier C, Martel J, et al. Na+ -phosphate cotransport in mouse distal convoluted tubule cells: evidence for Glvr-1 and Ram-1 gene expression. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13:590. Hesse A, Heimbach D. Causes of phosphate stone formation and the importance of metaphylaxis by urinary acidification: a review. World J Urol 1999; 17:308. Hurst FP, Bohen EM, Osgard EM, et al. Association of oral sodium phosphate purgative use with acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:3192. Russmann S, Lamerato L, Marfatia A, et al. Risk of impaired renal function after colonoscopy: a cohort study in patients receiving either oral sodium phosphate or polyethylene glycol. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102:2655. Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agati VD. Towards the incidence of acute phosphate nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:3020.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f6_55_7032

Russmann S, Lamerato L, Marfatia A, et al. Risk of impaired renal function after colonoscopy: a cohort study in patients receiving either oral sodium phosphate or polyethylene glycol. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102:2655. Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agati VD. Towards the incidence of acute phosphate nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:3020. Barclay RL. Safety, efficacy, and patient tolerance of a three-dose regimen of orally administered aqueous sodium phosphate for colonic cleansing before colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 60:527. Hookey LC, Depew WT, Vanner SJ. A prospective randomized trial comparing low-dose oral sodium phosphate plus stimulant laxatives with large volume polyethylene glycol solution for colon cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99:2217. Rostom A, Jolicoeur E, Dubé C, et al. A randomized prospective trial comparing different regimens of oral sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol-based lavage solution in the preparation of patients for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64:544. Russmann S, Lamerato L, Motsko SP, et al. Risk of further decline in renal function after the use of oral sodium phosphate or polyethylene glycol in patients with a preexisting glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:2707. Ainley EJ, Winwood PJ, Begley JP. Measurement of serum electrolytes and phosphate after sodium phosphate colonoscopy bowel preparation: an evaluation. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1319. Martin RR, Lisehora GR, Braxton M Jr, Barcia PJ. Fatal poisoning from sodium phosphate enema. Case report and experimental study. JAMA 1987; 257:2190. Korzets A, Dicker D, Chaimoff C, Zevin D. Life-threatening hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic tetany following the use of fleet enemas. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:620. Gonlusen G, Akgun H, Ertan A, et al. Renal failure and nephrocalcinosis associated with oral sodium phosphate bowel cleansing: clinical patterns and renal biopsy findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006; 130:101. Fine A, Patterson J. Severe hyperphosphatemia following phosphate administration for bowel preparation in patients with renal failure: two cases and a review of the literature. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 29:103. Orias M, Mahnensmith RL, Perazella MA. Extreme hyperphosphatemia and acute renal failure after a phosphorus-containing bowel regimen. Am J Nephrol 1999; 19:60.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f6_55_7032

Fine A, Patterson J. Severe hyperphosphatemia following phosphate administration for bowel preparation in patients with renal failure: two cases and a review of the literature. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 29:103. Orias M, Mahnensmith RL, Perazella MA. Extreme hyperphosphatemia and acute renal failure after a phosphorus-containing bowel regimen. Am J Nephrol 1999; 19:60. Manley P, Somerfield J, Simpson I, et al. Bilateral uraemic optic neuritis complicating acute nephrocalcinosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:2957. Aasebø W, Scott H, Ganss R. Kidney biopsies taken before and after oral sodium phosphate bowel cleansing. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22:920. Beyea A, Block C, Schned A. Acute phosphate nephropathy following oral sodium phosphate solution to cleanse the bowel for colonoscopy. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 50:151. Topic 7218 Version 4.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0504-61.55.141.10-00FF42CD0A-S244013.14]

contentuptodate· Content· item f9_39_9848

©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Light microscopy demonstrating acute phosphate nephropathy A) A low power view shows abundant tubular and focal interstitial calcium phosphate deposits. The calcifications are confined to distal tubules, with sparing of proximal tubules. (Hematoxylin and eosin). B) The tubular calcifications exhibit a positive histochemical reaction with the von Kossa stain, diagnostic of calcium phosphate. Courtesy of Glen S Markowitz, MD.