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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Adenylyl cyclase Schematic representation of the adenylyl cyclase cyclic AMP system. Activation begins when a stimulatory hormone (Hs) combines with its receptor (Rs). The hormone-receptor complex interacts with the stimulatory regulatory protein Gs, allowing it to take up guanosine trisphosphate (GTP). This activated form of Gs then stimulates adenylyl cyclase. This step is followed sequentially by the formation of cyclic AMP, activation of a protein kinase, phosphorylation of cell proteins, and the physiologic effects of the hormone. Other hormones (Hi) inhibit adenylyl cyclase by binding to their receptor (Ri) and then activating an inhibitory regulatory protein (Gi). (Redrawn from Rose BD, Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 4th ed, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.)