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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f16_24_16778

REFERENCES Spear BA. Adolescent growth and development. J Am Diet Assoc 2002; 102:S23. Jenkins S, Horner SD. Barriers that influence eating behaviors in adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2005; 20:258. Siega-Riz AM, Carson T, Popkin B. Three squares or mostly snacks--what do teens really eat? A sociodemographic study of meal patterns. J Adolesc Health 1998; 22:29. US DHHS, Public Health Service: Healthy People 2010: Objectives for improving health. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 2000. Shepherd R, Dennison CM. Influences on adolescent food choice. Proc Nutr Soc 1996; 55:345. Botero D, Wolfsdorf JI. Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:281. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Hercberg S, Dallongeville J. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr 2006; 136:2588. Thompson DR, Obarzanek E, Franko DL, et al. Childhood overweight and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Pediatr 2007; 150:18. Pan Y, Pratt CA. Metabolic syndrome and its association with diet and physical activity in US adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108:276. Van Horn L, McCoin M, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. The evidence for dietary prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108:287. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J. Fruits, vegetables and coronary heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2009; 6:599. McNaughton SA. Understanding the eating behaviors of adolescents: application of dietary patterns methodology to behavioral nutrition research. J Am Diet Assoc 2011; 111:226. Healthy People 2020. Available at: file://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx (Accessed on January 27, 2011). Uauy R, Solomons N. Diet, nutrition, and the life-course approach to cancer prevention. J Nutr 2005; 135:2934S. Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Donald AE, et al. Arterial distensibility in adolescents: the influence of adiposity, the metabolic syndrome, and classic risk factors. Circulation 2005; 112:1789. Nicklas TA, Demory-Luce D, Yang SJ, et al. Children's food consumption patterns have changed over two decades (1973-1994): The Bogalusa heart study. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:1127. McNaughton SA, Ball K, Mishra GD, Crawford DA. Dietary patterns of adolescents and risk of obesity and hypertension. J Nutr 2008; 138:364.

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Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Donald AE, et al. Arterial distensibility in adolescents: the influence of adiposity, the metabolic syndrome, and classic risk factors. Circulation 2005; 112:1789. Nicklas TA, Demory-Luce D, Yang SJ, et al. Children's food consumption patterns have changed over two decades (1973-1994): The Bogalusa heart study. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:1127. McNaughton SA, Ball K, Mishra GD, Crawford DA. Dietary patterns of adolescents and risk of obesity and hypertension. J Nutr 2008; 138:364. Cavadini C, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to 1996. Arch Dis Child 2000; 83:18. Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Hannan PJ, Croll J. Overweight status and eating patterns among adolescents: where do youths stand in comparison with the healthy people 2010 objectives? Am J Public Health 2002; 92:844. Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Story M. Trends in adolescent fruit and vegetable consumption, 1999-2004: project EAT. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32:147. Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2011. MMWR Surveill Summ 2012; 61:1. Stang J, Story MT, Harnack L, Neumark-Sztainer D. Relationships between vitamin and mineral supplement use, dietary intake, and dietary adequacy among adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2000; 100:905. Befort C, Kaur H, Nollen N, et al. Fruit, vegetable, and fat intake among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white adolescents: associations with home availability and food consumption settings. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:367. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Perry C, Story M. Correlates of fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents. Findings from Project EAT. Prev Med 2003; 37:198. Wright JD, Wang CY, Kennedy-Stephenson J, Ervin RB. Dietary intake of ten key nutrients for public health. United States: 1999-2000. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2003. Frary CD, Johnson RK, Wang MQ. Children and adolescents' choices of foods and beverages high in added sugars are associated with intakes of key nutrients and food groups. J Adolesc Health 2004; 34:56. Ambrosini GL, Oddy WH, Robinson M, et al. Adolescent dietary patterns are associated with lifestyle and family psycho-social factors. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:1807. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Iron deficiency--United States, 1999-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51:897.

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Frary CD, Johnson RK, Wang MQ. Children and adolescents' choices of foods and beverages high in added sugars are associated with intakes of key nutrients and food groups. J Adolesc Health 2004; 34:56. Ambrosini GL, Oddy WH, Robinson M, et al. Adolescent dietary patterns are associated with lifestyle and family psycho-social factors. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:1807. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Iron deficiency--United States, 1999-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002; 51:897. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Dekutoski MB, et al. Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: a population-based study. JAMA 2003; 290:1479. Matkovic V, Landoll JD, Badenhop-Stevens NE, et al. Nutrition influences skeletal development from childhood to adulthood: a study of hip, spine, and forearm in adolescent females. J Nutr 2004; 134:701S. Goulding A, Rockell JE, Black RE, et al. Children who avoid drinking cow's milk are at increased risk for prepubertal bone fractures. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:250. Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:257. Greer FR, Krebs NF, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Optimizing bone health and calcium intakes of infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006; 117:578. Lifshitz F, Tarim O, Smith MM. Nutrition in adolescence. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1993; 22:673. Cusatis DC, Shannon BM. Influences on adolescent eating behavior. J Adolesc Health 1996; 18:27. Cutler GJ, Flood A, Hannan P, Neumark-Sztainer D. Multiple sociodemographic and socioenvironmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2011; 111:230. Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Ackard D, et al. The "family meal." Views of adolescents. J Nutr Educ 2000; 32:329. Dwyer JT, Evans M, Stone EJ, et al. Adolescents' eating patterns influence their nutrient intakes. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:798. Barton BA, Eldridge AL, Thompson D, et al. The relationship of breakfast and cereal consumption to nutrient intake and body mass index: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:1383. Song WO, Chun OK, Kerver J, et al. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal consumption enhances milk and calcium intake in the US population. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:1783.

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Barton BA, Eldridge AL, Thompson D, et al. The relationship of breakfast and cereal consumption to nutrient intake and body mass index: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:1383. Song WO, Chun OK, Kerver J, et al. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal consumption enhances milk and calcium intake in the US population. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:1783. Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM, Carson T. Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from 1965-1991. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67:748S. Burghardt JA, Devaney BL, Gordon AR. The School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study: summary and discussion. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61:252S. Sweeney NM, Horishita N. The breakfast-eating habits of inner city high school students. J Sch Nurs 2005; 21:100. Nicklas TA, Bao W, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Breakfast consumption affects adequacy of total daily intake in children. J Am Diet Assoc 1993; 93:886. Pollitt E. Does breakfast make a difference in school? J Am Diet Assoc 1995; 95:1134. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Eating breakfast greatly improves schoolchildren's diet quality. Nutrition Insights, No. 15. Washington, DC 1999. Available at: www.mypyramid.gov (Accessed on January 18, 2006). Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, et al. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:743. Murphy JM, Pagano ME, Nachmani J, et al. The relationship of school breakfast to psychosocial and academic functioning: cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in an inner-city school sample. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152:899. Murphy JM, Wehler CA, Pagano ME, et al. Relationship between hunger and psychosocial functioning in low-income American children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37:163. Deshmukh-Taskar PR, Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, et al. The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumption with nutrient intake and weight status in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110:869. Affenito SG, Thompson DR, Barton BA, et al. Breakfast consumption by African-American and white adolescent girls correlates positively with calcium and fiber intake and negatively with body mass index. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:938.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f16_24_16778

Deshmukh-Taskar PR, Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, et al. The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumption with nutrient intake and weight status in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110:869. Affenito SG, Thompson DR, Barton BA, et al. Breakfast consumption by African-American and white adolescent girls correlates positively with calcium and fiber intake and negatively with body mass index. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:938. Nicklas TA, Morales M, Linares A, et al. Children's meal patterns have changed over a 21-year period: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:753. Nicklas TA. Dietary studies of children and young adults (1973-1988): the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Med Sci 1995; 310 Suppl 1:S101. Kennedy E, Davis C. US Department of Agriculture School Breakfast Program. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67:798S. Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Berenson GS. Nutrient contribution of breakfast, secular trends, and the role of ready-to-eat cereals: a review of data from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67:757S. Larson NI, Story M, Wall M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Calcium and dairy intakes of adolescents are associated with their home environment, taste preferences, personal health beliefs, and meal patterns. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:1816. Nicklas TA, Reger C, Myers L, O'Neil C. Breakfast consumption with and without vitamin-mineral supplement use favorably impacts daily nutrient intake of ninth-grade students. J Adolesc Health 2000; 27:314. Neumark-Sztainer, D, Story, M, Ackard, D, et al. Family meals among adolescents: Findings from a pilot study. J Nutr Educ 2000; 32:335. Boutelle KN, Birnbaum AS, Lytle LA, et al. Associations between perceived family meal environment and parent intake of fruit, vegetables, and fat. J Nutr Educ Behav 2003; 35:24. Fulkerson JA, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M. Adolescent and parent views of family meals. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:526. Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Frazier AL, et al. Family dinner and diet quality among older children and adolescents. Arch Fam Med 2000; 9:235. Calderon LL, Yu CK, Jambazian P. Dieting practices in high school students. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:1369. Zullig K, Ubbes VA, Pyle J, Valois RF. Self-reported weight perceptions, dieting behavior, and breakfast eating among high school adolescents. J Sch Health 2006; 76:87.

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Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Frazier AL, et al. Family dinner and diet quality among older children and adolescents. Arch Fam Med 2000; 9:235. Calderon LL, Yu CK, Jambazian P. Dieting practices in high school students. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:1369. Zullig K, Ubbes VA, Pyle J, Valois RF. Self-reported weight perceptions, dieting behavior, and breakfast eating among high school adolescents. J Sch Health 2006; 76:87. Keski-Rahkonen A, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, et al. Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:842. Snoek HM, van Strien T, Janssens JM, Engels RC. Emotional, external, restrained eating and overweight in Dutch adolescents. Scand J Psychol 2007; 48:23. Albertson AM, Franko DL, Thompson D, et al. Longitudinal patterns of breakfast eating in black and white adolescent girls. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:2282. Ritchie LD. Less frequent eating predicts greater BMI and waist circumference in female adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:290. Niemeier HM, Raynor HA, Lloyd-Richardson EE, et al. Fast food consumption and breakfast skipping: predictors of weight gain from adolescence to adulthood in a nationally representative sample. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39:842. Stice E, Presnell K, Shaw H, Rohde P. Psychological and behavioral risk factors for obesity onset in adolescent girls: a prospective study. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73:195. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Story M, Standish AR. Dieting and unhealthy weight control behaviors during adolescence: associations with 10-year changes in body mass index. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:80. Berkey CS, Rockett HR, Gillman MW, et al. Longitudinal study of skipping breakfast and weight change in adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:1258. Krowchuk DP, Kreiter SR, Woods CR, et al. Problem dieting behaviors among young adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152:884. United States Department of Agriculture, "Choose my plate." Available at: file://www.choosemyplate.gov/ (Accessed on June 07, 2011). Adair LS, Popkin BM. Are child eating patterns being transformed globally? Obes Res 2005; 13:1281. Stockman NK, Schenkel TC, Brown JN, Duncan AM. Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes among meals and snacks of adolescent males. Prev Med 2005; 41:203.

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United States Department of Agriculture, "Choose my plate." Available at: file://www.choosemyplate.gov/ (Accessed on June 07, 2011). Adair LS, Popkin BM. Are child eating patterns being transformed globally? Obes Res 2005; 13:1281. Stockman NK, Schenkel TC, Brown JN, Duncan AM. Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes among meals and snacks of adolescent males. Prev Med 2005; 41:203. Rockett HR, Berkey CS, Field AE, Colditz GA. Cross-sectional measurement of nutrient intake among adolescents in 1996. Prev Med 2001; 33:27. Sebastian RS, Cleveland LE, Goldman JD. Effect of snacking frequency on adolescents' dietary intakes and meeting national recommendations. J Adolesc Health 2008; 42:503. Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Osganian SK, et al. Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Pediatrics 2006; 117:673. Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:274. Wang YC, Bleich SN, Gortmaker SL. Increasing caloric contribution from sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices among US children and adolescents, 1988-2004. Pediatrics 2008; 121:e1604. Ritchie LD, Welk G, Styne D, et al. Family environment and pediatric overweight: what is a parent to do? J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:S70. Epstein LH, Roemmich JN, Paluch RA, Raynor HA. Influence of changes in sedentary behavior on energy and macronutrient intake in youth. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:361. Batada A, Seitz MD, Wootan MG, Story M. Nine out of 10 food advertisements shown during Saturday morning children's television programming are for foods high in fat, sodium, or added sugars, or low in nutrients. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108:673. Thompson JL, Manore MM, Vaughan LA. The Science of Nutrition, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco 2008. p.780. French SA, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, et al. Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: associations with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioral and psychosocial variables. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25:1823. Briefel RR, Johnson CL. Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States. Annu Rev Nutr 2004; 24:401. Ranade V. Nutritional recommendations for children and adolescents. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1993; 31:285.

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French SA, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, et al. Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: associations with nutrient intake, food choices and behavioral and psychosocial variables. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25:1823. Briefel RR, Johnson CL. Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States. Annu Rev Nutr 2004; 24:401. Ranade V. Nutritional recommendations for children and adolescents. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1993; 31:285. Nielsen SJ, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. Trends in food locations and sources among adolescents and young adults. Prev Med 2002; 35:107. Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics. Fast foods, organic foods, fad diets. In: Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 6th ed, Kleinman, RE (Eds), American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 2009. p.275. Ebbeling CB, Sinclair KB, Pereira MA, et al. Compensation for energy intake from fast food among overweight and lean adolescents. JAMA 2004; 291:2828. Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB, et al. Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey. Pediatrics 2004; 113:112. Taveras EM, Berkey CS, Rifas-Shiman SL, et al. Association of consumption of fried food away from home with body mass index and diet quality in older children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2005; 116:e518. Paeratakul S, Ferdinand DP, Champagne CM, et al. Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103:1332. Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumption of U.S. adults: impact on energy and nutrient intakes and overweight status. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:163. Thompson OM, Ballew C, Resnicow K, et al. Food purchased away from home as a predictor of change in BMI z-score among girls. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28:282. Schwartz MB, Puhl R. Childhood obesity: a societal problem to solve. Obes Rev 2003; 4:57. St-Onge MP, Keller KL, Heymsfield SB. Changes in childhood food consumption patterns: a cause for concern in light of increasing body weights. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:1068. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fruit and vegetable consumption among high school students--United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011; 60:1583.

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St-Onge MP, Keller KL, Heymsfield SB. Changes in childhood food consumption patterns: a cause for concern in light of increasing body weights. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:1068. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fruit and vegetable consumption among high school students--United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011; 60:1583. National Institutes of Health, Office of dietary supplements. Dietary supplement fact sheet: Vitamin D. Available at: file://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-QuickFacts/ (Accessed on December 01, 2011). Dong Y, Pollock N, Stallmann-Jorgensen IS, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adolescents: race, season, adiposity, physical activity, and fitness. Pediatrics 2010; 125:1104. Hill AJ. Motivation for eating behaviour in adolescent girls: the body beautiful. Proc Nutr Soc 2006; 65:376. Wardle J, Marsland L. Adolescent concerns about weight and eating; a social-development perspective. J Psychosom Res 1990; 34:377. Nowak M. The weight-conscious adolescent: body image, food intake, and weight-related behavior. J Adolesc Health 1998; 23:389. Stice E, Cameron RP, Killen JD, et al. Naturalistic weight-reduction efforts prospectively predict growth in relative weight and onset of obesity among female adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999; 67:967. Neumark-Sztainer D. Excessive weight preoccupation: Normative but not harmless. Nutr Today 1995; 30:68. Moore DC. Body image and eating behavior in adolescents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12:505. French SA, Perry CL, Leon GR, Fulkerson JA. Food preferences, eating patterns, and physical activity among adolescents: correlates of eating disorders symptoms. J Adolesc Health 1994; 15:286. Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ. Weight-related behaviors among adolescent girls and boys: results from a national survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000; 154:569. Roberts SJ, McGuiness PJ, Bilton RF, Maxwell SM. Dieting behavior among 11-15-year-old girls in Merseyside and the Northwest of England. J Adolesc Health 1999; 25:62. Schur EA, Sanders M, Steiner H. Body dissatisfaction and dieting in young children. Int J Eat Disord 2000; 27:74. Thompson SH, Rafiroiu AC, Sargent RG. Examining gender, racial, and age differences in weight concern among third, fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders. Eat Behav 2003; 3:307.

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Roberts SJ, McGuiness PJ, Bilton RF, Maxwell SM. Dieting behavior among 11-15-year-old girls in Merseyside and the Northwest of England. J Adolesc Health 1999; 25:62. Schur EA, Sanders M, Steiner H. Body dissatisfaction and dieting in young children. Int J Eat Disord 2000; 27:74. Thompson SH, Rafiroiu AC, Sargent RG. Examining gender, racial, and age differences in weight concern among third, fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders. Eat Behav 2003; 3:307. Edlund B, Sjödén PO, Gebre-Medhin M. Anthropometry, body composition and body image in dieting and non-dieting 8-16-year-old Swedish girls. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:537. Health and health behavior among young people: A WHO Cross-National Study (HBSC) International Report. World Health Organization, 2000. Available at: www.hbsc.org/publications/reports.html (Accessed on February 13, 2008). Crow S, Eisenberg ME, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of dieting among overweight and non-overweight adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2006; 38:569. Tanofsky-Kraff M, Faden D, Yanovski SZ, et al. The perceived onset of dieting and loss of control eating behaviors in overweight children. Int J Eat Disord 2005; 38:112. Ryan YM, Gibney MJ, Flynn MA. The pursuit of thinness: a study of Dublin schoolgirls aged 15 y. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22:485. Westenhoefer J. Establishing dietary habits during childhood for long-term weight control. Ann Nutr Metab 2002; 46 Suppl 1:18. Strauss RS. Self-reported weight status and dieting in a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153:741. Ryan YM. Meat avoidance and body weight concerns: nutritional implications for teenage girls. Proc Nutr Soc 1997; 56:519. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Guo J, et al. Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later? J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:559. American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition intervention in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:810. Crawley, H, Shergill-Bonner, R. The nutrient and food intakes of 16-17 year old female dieters in the UK. J Hum Nutr Diet 1995; 8:25.

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American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition intervention in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:810. Crawley, H, Shergill-Bonner, R. The nutrient and food intakes of 16-17 year old female dieters in the UK. J Hum Nutr Diet 1995; 8:25. Nelson M, White J, Rhodes C. Haemoglobin, ferritin, and iron intakes in British children aged 12-14 years: a preliminary investigation. Br J Nutr 1993; 70:147. Gao X, Wilde PE, Lichtenstein AH, Tucker KL. Meeting adequate intake for dietary calcium without dairy foods in adolescents aged 9 to 18 years (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002). J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:1759. Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics. Nutritional aspects of vegetarian diets. In: Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 6th ed, Kleinman RE (Ed), American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 2009. p.201. Pesa J. Psychosocial factors associated with dieting behaviors among female adolescents. J Sch Health 1999; 69:196. French SA, Jeffery RW. Consequences of dieting to lose weight: effects on physical and mental health. Health Psychol 1994; 13:195. Pugliese MT, Lifshitz F, Grad G, et al. Fear of obesity. A cause of short stature and delayed puberty. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:513. Herbold NH, Frates SE. Update of nutrition guidelines for the teen: trends and concerns. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000; 12:303. Patton GC, Selzer R, Coffey C, et al. Onset of adolescent eating disorders: population based cohort study over 3 years. BMJ 1999; 318:765. French SA, Story M, Downes B, et al. Frequent dieting among adolescents: psychosocial and health behavior correlates. Am J Public Health 1995; 85:695. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Haines J, et al. Why does dieting predict weight gain in adolescents? Findings from project EAT-II: a 5-year longitudinal study. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107:448. Patton GC, Carlin JB, Shao Q, et al. Adolescent dieting: healthy weight control or borderline eating disorder? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997; 38:299. Marchi M, Cohen P. Early childhood eating behaviors and adolescent eating disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29:112.

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Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Haines J, et al. Why does dieting predict weight gain in adolescents? Findings from project EAT-II: a 5-year longitudinal study. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107:448. Patton GC, Carlin JB, Shao Q, et al. Adolescent dieting: healthy weight control or borderline eating disorder? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997; 38:299. Marchi M, Cohen P. Early childhood eating behaviors and adolescent eating disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29:112. Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Falkner NH, et al. Sociodemographic and personal characteristics of adolescents engaged in weight loss and weight/muscle gain behaviors: who is doing what? Prev Med 1999; 28:40. Field AE, Austin SB, Taylor CB, et al. Relation between dieting and weight change among preadolescents and adolescents. Pediatrics 2003; 112:900. Lazzer S, Boirie Y, Montaurier C, et al. A weight reduction program preserves fat-free mass but not metabolic rate in obese adolescents. Obes Res 2004; 12:233. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA 2012; 307:483. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002; 288:1728. Troiano RP, Flegal KM, Kuczmarski RJ, et al. Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963 to 1991. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:1085. McBean LD, Miller GD. Enhancing the nutrition of America's youth. J Am Coll Nutr 1999; 18:563. Kirk S, Scott BJ, Daniels SR. Pediatric obesity epidemic: treatment options. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:S44. Viner R, Bryant-Waugh R, Nicholls D, Christie D. Childhood obesity. Aim should be weight maintenance, not loss. BMJ 2000; 320:1401; author reply 1402. Ackard DM, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Perry C. Overeating among adolescents: prevalence and associations with weight-related characteristics and psychological health. Pediatrics 2003; 111:67. Casazza K, Ciccazzo M. Improving the dietary patterns of adolescents using a computer-based approach. J Sch Health 2006; 76:43. Philippas NG, Lo CW. Childhood obesity: etiology, prevention, and treatment. Nutr Clin Care 2005; 8:77. Dietz W. How to tackle the problem early? The role of education in the prevention of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23 Suppl 4:S7.

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Casazza K, Ciccazzo M. Improving the dietary patterns of adolescents using a computer-based approach. J Sch Health 2006; 76:43. Philippas NG, Lo CW. Childhood obesity: etiology, prevention, and treatment. Nutr Clin Care 2005; 8:77. Dietz W. How to tackle the problem early? The role of education in the prevention of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23 Suppl 4:S7. Shepherd LM, Neumark-Sztainer D, Beyer KM, Story M. Should we discuss weight and calories in adolescent obesity prevention and weight-management programs? Perspectives of adolescent girls. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106:1454. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003; 289:76. Calderon KS, Yucha CB, Schaffer SD. Obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors: intervention recommendations to decrease adolescent obesity. J Pediatr Nurs 2005; 20:3. Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Ajani UA. Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease among children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics 2004; 114:1534. American Medical Association. Guidelines for adolescent preventive services. American Medical Association, Chicago 1992. Topic 5361 Version 12.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0504-58.240.98.179-3BFBD2B80D-S244013.14]