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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Classification of airway complications after lung transplantation 1. Stenosis Anastomotic bronchial stenosis Stenosis <50 percent of bronchial diameter Stenosis >50 percent of bronchial diameter Segmental non-anastomotic bronchial stenosis Stenosis <50 percent of bronchial diameter Stenosis >50 percent of bronchial diameter Vanishing Bronchus Intermedius Syndrome (VBIS) 2. Necrosis & dehiscence Grade I No slough or necrosis reported. Anastomosis healing well. Grade II Any necrotic mucosal slough reported, but no bronchial wall necrosis Grade III Bronchial wall necrosis within 2 cm of anastomosis Grade IV Extensive bronchial wall necrosis extending >2 cm from anastomosis 3. Exophytic granulation tissue Granulation tissue with <50 percent diameter narrowing Granulation tissue with >50 percent diameter narrowing 4. Malacia Diffuse tracheo-bronchial malacia Anastomotic malacia (1 cm proximal or distal) 5. Fistulae Broncho-pleural fistula Broncho-mediastinal fistula Broncho-vascular fistula 6. Infections Anastomotic infections Non-anastomotic infections (tracheitis, bronchitis, etc) Reprinted with permission of the American Thoracic Society. Copyright © 2009. Santacruz JF, Mehta AC. Airway complications and management after lung transplantation: ischemia, dehiscence, and stenosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2009; 6:79. Official Journal of the American Thoracic Society. Diane Gern, Publisher.