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Restani P, Fiocchi A, Beretta B, et al. Meat allergy: III--Proteins involved and cross-reactivity between different animal species. J Am Coll Nutr 1997; 16:383. Wahl R, Kleinhans D. IgE-mediated allergic reactions to fruit gums and investigation of cross-reactivity between gelatine and modified gelatine-containing products. Clin Exp Allergy 1989; 19:77. Commins S, personal communication. Fiocchi A, Bouygue GR, Sarratud T, et al. Clinical tolerance of processed foods. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 93:S38. Fiocchi A, Restani P, Riva E, et al. Meat allergy: II--Effects of food processing and enzymatic digestion on the allergenicity of bovine and ovine meats. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14:245. Spergel JM. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults and children: evidence for a food allergy component in many patients. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7:274. Spergel JM, Andrews T, Brown-Whitehorn TF, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with specific food elimination diet directed by a combination of skin prick and patch tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 95:336. Sicherer SH. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: case presentations and management lessons. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:149. Levy Y, Danon YL. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome--not only due to cow's milk and soy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 14:325. Zacharisen MC. Severe allergy to chicken meat. WMJ 2006; 105:50. Liccardi G, Szépfalusi Z, Noschese P, et al. Allergy to chicken meat without sensitization to egg proteins: a case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:577. de Maat-Bleeker F, van Dijk AG, Berrens L. Allergy to egg yolk possibly induced by sensitization to bird serum antigens. Ann Allergy 1985; 54:245. Mandallaz MM, de Weck AL, Dahinden CA. Bird-egg syndrome. Cross-reactivity between bird antigens and egg-yolk livetins in IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1988; 87:143. de Blay F, Hoyet C, Candolfi E, et al. Identification of alpha livetin as a cross reacting allergen in a bird-egg syndrome. Allergy Proc 1994; 15:77. Szépfalusi Z, Ebner C, Pandjaitan R, et al. Egg yolk alpha-livetin (chicken serum albumin) is a cross-reactive allergen in the bird-egg syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 93:932.

de Blay F, Hoyet C, Candolfi E, et al. Identification of alpha livetin as a cross reacting allergen in a bird-egg syndrome. Allergy Proc 1994; 15:77. Szépfalusi Z, Ebner C, Pandjaitan R, et al. Egg yolk alpha-livetin (chicken serum albumin) is a cross-reactive allergen in the bird-egg syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 93:932. Quirce S, Marañón F, Umpiérrez A, et al. Chicken serum albumin (Gal d 5*) is a partially heat-labile inhalant and food allergen implicated in the bird-egg syndrome. Allergy 2001; 56:754. Drouet M, Boutet S, Lauret MG, et al. [The pork-cat syndrome or crossed allergy between pork meat and cat epithelia (1)]. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 1994; 26:166. Hilger C, Kohnen M, Grigioni F, et al. Allergic cross-reactions between cat and pig serum albumin. Study at the protein and DNA levels. Allergy 1997; 52:179. Posthumus J, James HR, Lane CJ, et al. Initial description of pork-cat syndrome in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:923. Drouet M, Sabbah A, Le Sellin J, et al. [Fatal anaphylaxis after eating wild boar meat in a patient with pork-cat syndrome]. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 2001; 33:163. Chung CH, Mirakhur B, Chan E, et al. Cetuximab-induced anaphylaxis and IgE specific for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:1109. Commins SP, James HR, Kelly LA, et al. The relevance of tick bites to the production of IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1286. Van Nunen SA, O'Connor KS, Clarke LR, et al. An association between tick bite reactions and red meat allergy in humans. Med J Aust 2009; 190:510. Theler B, Brockow K, Ballmer-Weber BK. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of meat allergy in Switzerland and Southern Germany. Swiss Med Wkly 2009; 139:264. Orhan F, Sekerel BE. Beef allergy: a review of 12 cases. Allergy 2003; 58:127. Sampson HA, McCaskill CC. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: evaluation of 113 patients. J Pediatr 1985; 107:669. Fiocchi A, Bouygue GR, Restani P, et al. Accuracy of skin prick tests in IgE-mediated adverse reactions to bovine proteins. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:26. Available from ViracorIBT Laboratories. Search test menu on "Alpha-Gal IgE" www.viracoribt.com (Accessed on March 01, 2013).

Sampson HA, McCaskill CC. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: evaluation of 113 patients. J Pediatr 1985; 107:669. Fiocchi A, Bouygue GR, Restani P, et al. Accuracy of skin prick tests in IgE-mediated adverse reactions to bovine proteins. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:26. Available from ViracorIBT Laboratories. Search test menu on "Alpha-Gal IgE" www.viracoribt.com (Accessed on March 01, 2013). University of Virginia Medical Laboratories performs testing for IgE to alpha gal. Information is available at: file://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/alive/medlabs/LabTestSearch/LabTests.cfm?searchType=detail&LabTest_ID=19520 (Accessed on March 01, 2013). Cat serum albumin is available commercially from Phadia ImmunoCAP (allergen code e220). file://www.phadia.com/en/Allergen-information/ImmunoCAP-Allergens/ (Accessed on March 04, 2013). Raison-Peyron N, Messaad D, Bousquet J, Demoly P. Anaphylaxis to beef in penicillin-allergic patient. Allergy 2001; 56:796. Kanny G, Puygrenier J, Beaudoin E, Moneret-Vautrin DA. [Alimentary anaphylactic shock: implication of penicillin residues]. Allerg Immunol (Paris) 1994; 26:181. Martelli A, De Chiara A, Corvo M, et al. Beef allergy in children with cow's milk allergy; cow's milk allergy in children with beef allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:38. Eigenmann PA. Anaphylaxis to cow's milk and beef meat proteins. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:61. Fuentes Aparicio V, Sánchez Marcén I, Pérez Montero A, et al. Allergy to mammal's meat in adult life: immunologic and follow-up study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005; 15:228. Topic 2393 Version 12.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.3 - C21.34 Licensed to: Morehouse School of Medicine | Support Tag: [1004-200.215.4.194-785DB895A1-S473950.14]