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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Anatomic locations of ventricular septal defects Left panel: The ventricular septum, viewed from the right ventricular side (left panel), is made up of four components: the inlet (I) extends from the tricupid annulus to attachments of the tricuspid valve; the trabecular septum (T) extends from inlet out to apex and up to smooth-walled outlet; the outlet (O) or infundibular septum extends up to the pulmonary valve; and the membranous septum. Right panel: The anatomic location of ventricular septal defects. a: outlet defect; b: papillary muscle of the conus; c: perimembranous defect; d: marginal muscular defects; e: central muscular defects; f: inlet defect; g: apical muscular defects. Courtesy of Thomas Graham, MD.