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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Anatomic and physiologic classification of common types of myoclonus* Cortical Asterixis (some cases) Epilepsia partialis continua Cortical reflex myoclonus Cortical myoclonus without exaggerated reflex features Certain drug-induced and toxic-metabolic etiologies of myoclonus Neurodegenerative disease with cortical involvement: - Alzheimer disease - Corticobasal degeneration - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Huntington disease - Parkinson disease and other Lewy body disorders Posthypoxic action myoclonus (Lance-Adams myoclonus) Progressive myoclonic ataxias Progressive myoclonic epilepsies Cortical-subcortical Absence seizures Primary generalized epileptic myoclonus Primary generalized myoclonic seizures Subcortical-nonsegmental Essential myoclonus (hereditary) Hyperekplexia Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome Propriospinal myoclonus Reticular reflex myoclonus Segmental Palatal myoclonus Segmental spinal myoclonus Peripheral Hemifacial spasm * More than one mechanism may be operative in an individual patient or disease. Modified from: Caviness, JN, Brown, P. Myoclonus: current concepts and recent advances. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3:598.