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contentuptodate· Content· item f4_16_4358

©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Sagittal view of the pharynx At rest, the nasopharynx is in continuity with the oropharyx and the hypopharynx communicates freely with the trachea. Note that the esophagus is collapsed and closed, with the upper esophageal sphincter situated posterior to the cricoid cartilage. Adapted from Cook, IJ, Kahrilas, PJ. AGA: Technical review: Management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Gastroenterology 1999; 116:455.