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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f16_46_17130

REFERENCES Corry DB, Kheradmand F. Induction and regulation of the IgE response. Nature 1999; 402:B18. Burrows B, Martinez FD, Halonen M, et al. Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:271. Gauchat JF, Lebman DA, Coffman RL, et al. Structure and expression of germline epsilon transcripts in human B cells induced by interleukin 4 to switch to IgE production. J Exp Med 1990; 172:463. de Vries JE, Carballido JM, Aversa G. Receptors and cytokines involved in allergic TH2 cell responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103:S492. Turner H, Kinet JP. Signalling through the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI. Nature 1999; 402:B24. Tsicopoulos A, Joseph M. The role of CD23 in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:602. Weinmayr G, Weiland SK, Björkstén B, et al. Atopic sensitization and the international variation of asthma symptom prevalence in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:565. Sears MR, Burrows B, Flannery EM, et al. Relation between airway responsiveness and serum IgE in children with asthma and in apparently normal children. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1067. Arbes SJ Jr, Gergen PJ, Vaughn B, Zeldin DC. Asthma cases attributable to atopy: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1139. Heymann PW, Carper HT, Murphy DD, et al. Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:239. Humbert M, Menz G, Ying S, et al. The immunopathology of extrinsic (atopic) and intrinsic (non-atopic) asthma: more similarities than differences. Immunol Today 1999; 20:528. Zieg G, Lack G, Harbeck RJ, et al. In vivo effects of glucocorticoids on IgE production. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 94:222. Jabara HH, Brodeur SR, Geha RS. Glucocorticoids upregulate CD40 ligand expression and induce CD40L-dependent immunoglobulin isotype switching. J Clin Invest 2001; 107:371. Presta LG, Lahr SJ, Shields RL, et al. Humanization of an antibody directed against IgE. J Immunol 1993; 151:2623. Fick RB Jr. Anti-IgE as novel therapy for the treatment of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999; 5:76. Haselden BM, Kay AB, Larché M. Peptide-mediated immune responses in specific immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000; 122:229. Buhl R. Anti-IgE antibodies for the treatment of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005; 11:27.

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Presta LG, Lahr SJ, Shields RL, et al. Humanization of an antibody directed against IgE. J Immunol 1993; 151:2623. Fick RB Jr. Anti-IgE as novel therapy for the treatment of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999; 5:76. Haselden BM, Kay AB, Larché M. Peptide-mediated immune responses in specific immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000; 122:229. Buhl R. Anti-IgE antibodies for the treatment of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005; 11:27. The Pink Sheet. FDC Reports. Chevy Chase, MD. 2003; 65:26. Omalizumab (Xolair): an anti-IgE antibody for asthma. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2003; 45:67. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program: Expert panel report III: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2007. (NIH publication no. 08-4051). www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm (Accessed on March 21, 2011). Campbell JM, Wofford JD, Knutsen AP. Omalizumab treatment in children 6 to 18 years old with severe asthma at a children's medical center. Pediatr Asthma Allergy Immunol 2008; 21:129. Busse WW, Morgan WJ, Gergen PJ, et al. Randomized trial of omalizumab (anti-IgE) for asthma in inner-city children. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1005. Bousquet J, Wenzel S, Holgate S, et al. Predicting response to omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, in patients with allergic asthma. Chest 2004; 125:1378. Johansson SG, Nopp A, Oman H, et al. The size of the disease relevant IgE antibody fraction in relation to 'total-IgE' predicts the efficacy of anti-IgE (Xolair) treatment. Allergy 2009; 64:1472. Ankerst J, Nopp A, Johansson SG, et al. Xolair is effective in allergics with a low serum IgE level. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010; 152:71. Olivieri M, Biscardo CA, Turri S, Perbellini L. Omalizumab in persistent severe bakers' asthma. Allergy 2008; 63:790. Leynadier F, Doudou O, Gaouar H, et al. Effect of omalizumab in health care workers with occupational latex allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:360. Easthope S, Jarvis B. Omalizumab. Drugs 2001; 61:253. MacGlashan DW Jr. Releasability of human basophils: cellular sensitivity and maximal histamine release are independent variables. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 91:605. MacGlashan DW Jr, Bochner BS, Adelman DC, et al. Down-regulation of Fc(epsilon)RI expression on human basophils during in vivo treatment of atopic patients with anti-IgE antibody. J Immunol 1997; 158:1438.

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MacGlashan DW Jr. Releasability of human basophils: cellular sensitivity and maximal histamine release are independent variables. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 91:605. MacGlashan DW Jr, Bochner BS, Adelman DC, et al. Down-regulation of Fc(epsilon)RI expression on human basophils during in vivo treatment of atopic patients with anti-IgE antibody. J Immunol 1997; 158:1438. Saini SS, MacGlashan DW Jr, Sterbinsky SA, et al. Down-regulation of human basophil IgE and FC epsilon RI alpha surface densities and mediator release by anti-IgE-infusions is reversible in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol 1999; 162:5624. Beck LA, Marcotte GV, MacGlashan D, et al. Omalizumab-induced reductions in mast cell Fce psilon RI expression and function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:527. Gomez G, Jogie-Brahim S, Shima M, Schwartz LB. Omalizumab reverses the phenotypic and functional effects of IgE-enhanced Fc epsilonRI on human skin mast cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:1353. MacGlashan DW Jr, Savage JH, Wood RA, Saini SS. Suppression of the basophil response to allergen during treatment with omalizumab is dependent on 2 competing factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1130. Savage JH, Courneya JP, Sterba PM, et al. Kinetics of mast cell, basophil, and oral food challenge responses in omalizumab-treated adults with peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1123. Lin H, Boesel KM, Griffith DT, et al. Omalizumab rapidly decreases nasal allergic response and FcepsilonRI on basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:297. Ong YE, Menzies-Gow A, Barkans J, et al. Anti-IgE (omalizumab) inhibits late-phase reactions and inflammatory cells after repeat skin allergen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116:558. Corren J, Shapiro G, Reimann J, et al. Allergen skin tests and free IgE levels during reduction and cessation of omalizumab therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:506. Boulet LP, Chapman KR, Côté J, et al. Inhibitory effects of an anti-IgE antibody E25 on allergen-induced early asthmatic response. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1835. Djukanovi�� R, Wilson SJ, Kraft M, et al. Effects of treatment with anti-immunoglobulin E antibody omalizumab on airway inflammation in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:583. Walker S, Monteil M, Phelan K, et al. Anti-IgE for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; :CD003559.

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Djukanovi�� R, Wilson SJ, Kraft M, et al. Effects of treatment with anti-immunoglobulin E antibody omalizumab on airway inflammation in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:583. Walker S, Monteil M, Phelan K, et al. Anti-IgE for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; :CD003559. Rodrigo GJ, Neffen H, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous omalizumab vs placebo as add-on therapy to corticosteroids for children and adults with asthma: a systematic review. Chest 2011; 139:28. Solèr M, Matz J, Townley R, et al. The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics. Eur Respir J 2001; 18:254. Busse W, Corren J, Lanier BQ, et al. Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:184. Fahy JV, Fleming HE, Wong HH, et al. The effect of an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody on the early- and late-phase responses to allergen inhalation in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1828. Noga O, Hanf G, Brachmann I, et al. Effect of omalizumab treatment on peripheral eosinophil and T-lymphocyte function in patients with allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:1493. Oliver JM, Tarleton CA, Gilmartin L, et al. Reduced FcepsilonRI-mediated release of asthma-promoting cytokines and chemokines from human basophils during omalizumab therapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010; 151:275. Holgate ST, Chuchalin AG, Hébert J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a recombinant anti-immunoglobulin E antibody (omalizumab) in severe allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:632. Lanier B, Bridges T, Kulus M, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of exacerbations in children with inadequately controlled allergic (IgE-mediated) asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:1210. Humbert M, Beasley R, Ayres J, et al. Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE. Allergy 2005; 60:309. Bousquet J, Cabrera P, Berkman N, et al. The effect of treatment with omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, on asthma exacerbations and emergency medical visits in patients with severe persistent asthma. Allergy 2005; 60:302.

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Humbert M, Beasley R, Ayres J, et al. Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE. Allergy 2005; 60:309. Bousquet J, Cabrera P, Berkman N, et al. The effect of treatment with omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, on asthma exacerbations and emergency medical visits in patients with severe persistent asthma. Allergy 2005; 60:302. Busse WW, Massanari M, Kianifard F, Geba GP. Effect of omalizumab on the need for rescue systemic corticosteroid treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent IgE-mediated allergic asthma: a pooled analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23:2379. Milgrom H, Berger W, Nayak A, et al. Treatment of childhood asthma with anti-immunoglobulin E antibody (omalizumab). Pediatrics 2001; 108:E36. Hanania NA, Alpan O, Hamilos DL, et al. Omalizumab in severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled with standard therapy: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154:573. Brodlie M, McKean MC, Moss S, Spencer DA. The oral corticosteroid-sparing effect of omalizumab in children with severe asthma. Arch Dis Child 2012; 97:604. Corren J, Wood RA, Patel D, et al. Effects of omalizumab on changes in pulmonary function induced by controlled cat room challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:398. Dosing charts are available in the manufacturers prescribing information. Available online at file://www.gene.com/gene/products/information/pdf/xolair-prescribing.pdf (Accessed on September 06, 2011). Asai N, Ohkuni Y, Komatsu A, et al. Severe persistent asthma responsive to off-label use of omalizumab despite high and low levels of total serum IgE. J Bras Pneumol 2011; 37:567. Sugino Y, Sanda R, Takagi Y, et al. [A case of severe asthma responsive to omalizumab treatment despite a low serum IgE level and lack of sensitized allergens]. Arerugi 2010; 59:1572. Fahy JV, Cockcroft DW, Boulet LP, et al. Effect of aerosolized anti-IgE (E25) on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1023. Corne J, Djukanovic R, Thomas L, et al. The effect of intravenous administration of a chimeric anti-IgE antibody on serum IgE levels in atopic subjects: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:879.

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Fahy JV, Cockcroft DW, Boulet LP, et al. Effect of aerosolized anti-IgE (E25) on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1023. Corne J, Djukanovic R, Thomas L, et al. The effect of intravenous administration of a chimeric anti-IgE antibody on serum IgE levels in atopic subjects: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:879. Fahy JV. Reducing IgE levels as a strategy for the treatment of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30 Suppl 1:16. Barnes PJ. Anti-IgE therapy in asthma: rationale and therapeutic potential. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000; 123:196. Menzella F, Facciolongo N, Castagnetti C, et al. Omalizumab: when the non-responder is a late-responder. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 41:155. Davis LA. Omalizumab: a novel therapy for allergic asthma. Ann Pharmacother 2004; 38:1236. Hamilton RG, Marcotte GV, Saini SS. Immunological methods for quantifying free and total serum IgE levels in allergy patients receiving omalizumab (Xolair) therapy. J Immunol Methods 2005; 303:81. Korn S, Haasler I, Fliedner F, et al. Monitoring free serum IgE in severe asthma patients treated with omalizumab. Respir Med 2012; 106:1494. Hamilton RG. Accuracy of US Food and Drug Administration-cleared IgE antibody assays in the presence of anti-IgE (omalizumab). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:759. Slavin RG, Ferioli C, Tannenbaum SJ, et al. Asthma symptom re-emergence after omalizumab withdrawal correlates well with increasing IgE and decreasing pharmacokinetic concentrations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:107. Nopp A, Johansson SG, Adédoyin J, et al. After 6 years with Xolair; a 3-year withdrawal follow-up. Allergy 2010; 65:56. The Pink Sheet. FDC Reports. Chevy Chase, MD. 2003; 65:18. Oba Y, Salzman GA. Cost-effectiveness analysis of omalizumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:265. Wu AC, Paltiel AD, Kuntz KM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in adults with severe asthma: results from the Asthma Policy Model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1146. Dal Negro RW, Pradelli L, Tognella S, et al. Cost-utility of add-on omalizumab in difficult-to-treat allergic asthma in Italy. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 43:45.

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Wu AC, Paltiel AD, Kuntz KM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in adults with severe asthma: results from the Asthma Policy Model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1146. Dal Negro RW, Pradelli L, Tognella S, et al. Cost-utility of add-on omalizumab in difficult-to-treat allergic asthma in Italy. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 43:45. Costello RW, Long DA, Gaine S, et al. Therapy with omalizumab for patients with severe allergic asthma improves asthma control and reduces overall healthcare costs. Ir J Med Sci 2011; 180:637. Genentech, Inc. Omalizumab (Xolair) Review of clinical safety data. www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/03/briefing/3952B1_02_FDA-Xolair-Safety.pdf (Accessed on April 27, 2006). Deniz YM, Gupta N. Safety and tolerability of omalizumab (Xolair), a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005; 29:31. Lin RY, Rodriguez-Baez G, Bhargave GA. Omalizumab-associated anaphylactic reactions reported between January 2007 and June 2008. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 103:442. Corren J, Casale TB, Lanier B, et al. Safety and tolerability of omalizumab. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:788. Cox L, Platts-Mills TA, Finegold I, et al. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force Report on omalizumab-associated anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1373. Cox L, Lieberman P, Wallace D, et al. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Omalizumab-Associated Anaphylaxis Joint Task Force follow-up report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:210. Price KS, Hamilton RG. Anaphylactoid reactions in two patients after omalizumab administration after successful long-term therapy. Allergy Asthma Proc 2007; 28:313. United States Food and Drug Administration. 2007 Safety alerts for drug, biologics, medical devices, and dietary supplements. www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Xolair (Accessed on January 29, 2008). Limb SL, Starke PR, Lee CE, Chowdhury BA. Delayed onset and protracted progression of anaphylaxis after omalizumab administration in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1378. Lieberman P, Rahmaoui A, Wong DA. The safety and interpretability of skin tests with omalizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 105:493.

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Limb SL, Starke PR, Lee CE, Chowdhury BA. Delayed onset and protracted progression of anaphylaxis after omalizumab administration in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1378. Lieberman P, Rahmaoui A, Wong DA. The safety and interpretability of skin tests with omalizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 105:493. Owens G, Petrov A. Successful desensitization of three patients with hypersensitivity reactions to omalizumab. Curr Drug Saf 2011; 6:339. Dreyfus DH, Randolph CC. Characterization of an anaphylactoid reaction to omalizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:624. Pilette C, Coppens N, Houssiau FA, Rodenstein DO. Severe serum sickness-like syndrome after omalizumab therapy for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:972. Omalizumab (marketed as Xolair) - Early communication about an ongoing safety review. Available on the website of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/ (Accessed on August 19, 2009). Jardieu PM, Fick RB Jr. IgE inhibition as a therapy for allergic disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999; 118:112. Cruz AA, Lima F, Sarinho E, et al. Safety of anti-immunoglobulin E therapy with omalizumab in allergic patients at risk of geohelminth infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:197. Busse W, Buhl R, Fernandez Vidaurre C, et al. Omalizumab and the risk of malignancy: results from a pooled analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:983. Adelroth E, Rak S, Haahtela T, et al. Recombinant humanized mAb-E25, an anti-IgE mAb, in birch pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:253. Casale TB, Bernstein IL, Busse WW, et al. Use of an anti-IgE humanized monoclonal antibody in ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:110. Mankad VS, Burks AW. Omalizumab : other indications and unanswered questions. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005; 29:17. Kopp MV, Stenglein S, Kamin W, et al. Omalizumab (Xolair) in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: leukotriene release as a potential in vitro parameter to monitor therapeutic effects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18:523. Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, et al. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:2956. Kontou-Fili K. High omalizumab dose controls recurrent reactions to venom immunotherapy in indolent systemic mastocytosis. Allergy 2008; 63:376.

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Kopp MV, Stenglein S, Kamin W, et al. Omalizumab (Xolair) in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: leukotriene release as a potential in vitro parameter to monitor therapeutic effects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18:523. Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, et al. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:2956. Kontou-Fili K. High omalizumab dose controls recurrent reactions to venom immunotherapy in indolent systemic mastocytosis. Allergy 2008; 63:376. Massanari M, Nelson H, Casale T, et al. Effect of pretreatment with omalizumab on the tolerability of specific immunotherapy in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:383. Casale TB, Busse WW, Kline JN, et al. Omalizumab pretreatment decreases acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:134. Stock P, Rolinck-Werninghaus C, Wahn U, Hamelmann E. The role of anti-IgE therapy in combination with allergen specific immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis. BioDrugs 2007; 21:403. Leung DY, Sampson HA, Yunginger JW, et al. Effect of anti-IgE therapy in patients with peanut allergy. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:986. Giavina-Bianchi P, Giavina-Bianchi M, Agondi R, Kalil J. Three months' administration of anti-IgE to a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1279; author reply 1279. Penn R, Mikula S. The role of anti-IgE immunoglobulin therapy in nasal polyposis: a pilot study. Am J Rhinol 2007; 21:428. Fairley JA, Baum CL, Brandt DS, Messingham KA. Pathogenicity of IgE in autoimmunity: successful treatment of bullous pemphigoid with omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:704. Pérez-de-Llano LA, Vennera MC, Parra A, et al. Effects of omalizumab in Aspergillus-associated airway disease. Thorax 2011; 66:539. Sampson HA, Leung DY, Burks AW, et al. A phase II, randomized, double���blind, parallel���group, placebo���controlled oral food challenge trial of Xolair (omalizumab) in peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1309. Beck LA, Saini S. Wanted: A study with omalizumab to determine the role of IgE-mediated pathways in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:540. Vigo PG, Girgis KR, Pfuetze BL, et al. Efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:168.

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Sampson HA, Leung DY, Burks AW, et al. A phase II, randomized, double���blind, parallel���group, placebo���controlled oral food challenge trial of Xolair (omalizumab) in peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1309. Beck LA, Saini S. Wanted: A study with omalizumab to determine the role of IgE-mediated pathways in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:540. Vigo PG, Girgis KR, Pfuetze BL, et al. Efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:168. Sheinkopf LE, Rafi AW, Do LT, et al. Efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a pilot study. Allergy Asthma Proc 2008; 29:530. Forman SB, Garrett AB. Success of omalizumab as monotherapy in adult atopic dermatitis: case report and discussion of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor, FcepsilonRI. Cutis 2007; 80:38. Krathen RA, Hsu S. Failure of omalizumab for treatment of severe adult atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53:338. Schmitt J, Schäkel K. [Omalizumab as a therapeutic option in atopic eczema. Current evidence and potential benefit]. Hautarzt 2007; 58:128, 130. Heil PM, Maurer D, Klein B, et al. Omalizumab therapy in atopic dermatitis: depletion of IgE does not improve the clinical course - a randomized, placebo-controlled and double blind pilot study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2010; 8:990. Rosenwasser LJ, Meng J. Anti-CD23. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005; 29:61. Rosenwasser LJ, Busse WW, Lizambri RG, et al. Allergic asthma and an anti-CD23 mAb (IDEC-152): results of a phase I, single-dose, dose-escalating clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112:563. Borish LC, Nelson HS, Lanz MJ, et al. Interleukin-4 receptor in moderate atopic asthma. A phase I/II randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1816. Ichinose M, Barnes PJ. Cytokine-directed therapy in asthma. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2004; 3:263. Wenzel S, Wilbraham D, Fuller R, et al. Effect of an interleukin-4 variant on late phase asthmatic response to allergen challenge in asthmatic patients: results of two phase 2a studies. Lancet 2007; 370:1422. Corren J, Lemanske RF, Hanania NA, et al. Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1088. Bryan SA, O'Connor BJ, Matti S, et al. Effects of recombinant human interleukin-12 on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response. Lancet 2000; 356:2149.

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Wenzel S, Wilbraham D, Fuller R, et al. Effect of an interleukin-4 variant on late phase asthmatic response to allergen challenge in asthmatic patients: results of two phase 2a studies. Lancet 2007; 370:1422. Corren J, Lemanske RF, Hanania NA, et al. Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1088. Bryan SA, O'Connor BJ, Matti S, et al. Effects of recombinant human interleukin-12 on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response. Lancet 2000; 356:2149. Boguniewicz M, Martin RJ, Martin D, et al. The effects of nebulized recombinant interferon-gamma in asthmatic airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95:133. Topic 545 Version 12.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0604-27.109.116.13-FFFC22E1CE-S244013.14]