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Trémolières F, de Kock F, Pluck N, Daniel R. Trovafloxacin versus high-dose amoxicillin (1 g three times daily) in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:447. Vardakas KZ, Siempos II, Grammatikos A, et al. Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2008; 179:1269. Fogarty C, Siami G, Kohler R, et al. Multicenter, open-label, randomized study to compare the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone sodium and erythromycin followed by clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of serious community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38 Suppl 1:S16. Leroy O, Saux P, Bédos JP, Caulin E. Comparison of levofloxacin and cefotaxime combined with ofloxacin for ICU patients with community-acquired pneumonia who do not require vasopressors. Chest 2005; 128:172. Torres A, Garau J, Arvis P, et al. Moxifloxacin monotherapy is effective in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: the MOTIV study--a randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1499. Bhavnani SM, Ambrose PG. Cost-effectiveness of oral gemifloxacin versus intravenous ceftriaxone followed by oral cefuroxime with/without a macrolide for the treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 60:59. Moola S, Hagberg L, Churchyard GA, et al. A multicenter study of grepafloxacin and clarithromycin in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 1999; 116:974. Lode H, Aronkyto T, Chuchalin AG, et al. A randomised, double-blind, double-dummy comparative study of gatifloxacin with clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:403. Gotfried MH, Dattani D, Riffer E, et al. A controlled, double-blind, multicenter study comparing clarithromycin extended-release tablets and levofloxacin tablets in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Ther 2002; 24:736. File TM Jr., Larsen LS, Fogarty LM, et al. Safety and efficacy of sequential (IV to po) moxifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Today's Therapeutic Trends 2001; 19:251.
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File TM Jr, Low DE, Eckburg PB, et al. Integrated analysis of FOCUS 1 and FOCUS 2: randomized, doubled-blinded, multicenter phase 3 trials of the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51:1395. File TM Jr, Wilcox MH, Stein GE. Summary of ceftaroline fosamil clinical trial studies and clinical safety. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 Suppl 3:S173. Pertel PE, Bernardo P, Fogarty C, et al. Effects of prior effective therapy on the efficacy of daptomycin and ceftriaxone for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1142. Silverman JA, Mortin LI, Vanpraagh AD, et al. Inhibition of daptomycin by pulmonary surfactant: in vitro modeling and clinical impact. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:2149. Tanaseanu C, Bergallo C, Teglia O, et al. Integrated results of 2 phase 3 studies comparing tigecycline and levofloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 61:329. file://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm224370.htm (Accessed September 2, 2010). Prasad P, Sun J, Danner RL, Natanson C. Excess deaths associated with tigecycline after approval based on noninferiority trials. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:1699. Stahl JE, Barza M, DesJardin J, et al. Effect of macrolides as part of initial empiric therapy on length of stay in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:2576. Gleason PP, Meehan TP, Fine JM, et al. Associations between initial antimicrobial therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:2562. Dudas V, Hopefl A, Jacobs R, Guglielmo BJ. Antimicrobial selection for hospitalized patients with presumed community-acquired pneumonia: a survey of nonteaching US community hospitals. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34:446. Houck PM, MacLehose RF, Niederman MS, Lowery JK. Empiric antibiotic therapy and mortality among medicare pneumonia inpatients in 10 western states : 1993, 1995, and 1997. Chest 2001; 119:1420. Waterer GW, Somes GW, Wunderink RG. Monotherapy may be suboptimal for severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:1837. Martínez JA, Horcajada JP, Almela M, et al. Addition of a macrolide to a beta-lactam-based empirical antibiotic regimen is associated with lower in-hospital mortality for patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:389.
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Dooley KE, Golub J, Goes FS, et al. Empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with fluoroquinolones, and delays in the treatment of tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:1607. Yoon YS, Lee HJ, Yoon HI, et al. Impact of fluoroquinolones on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis initially treated as bacterial pneumonia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9:1215. Ginsburg AS, Grosset JH, Bishai WR. Fluoroquinolones, tuberculosis, and resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:432. Long R, Chong H, Hoeppner V, et al. Empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:1354. Wang JY, Hsueh PR, Jan IS, et al. Empirical treatment with a fluoroquinolone delays the treatment for tuberculosis and is associated with a poor prognosis in endemic areas. Thorax 2006; 61:903. Low DE. Fluoroquinolones for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and tuberculosis: putting the risk of resistance into perspective. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:1361. Yassin HM, Dever LL. Telithromycin: a new ketolide antimicrobial for treatment of respiratory tract infections. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 10:353. File TM. Telithromycin new product overview. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:S1. Tellier G, Niederman MS, Nusrat R, et al. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of 5 and 7 day regimens of telithromycin once daily compared with a 10 day regimen of clarithromycin twice daily in patients with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54:515. Pullman J, Champlin J, Vrooman PS Jr. Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily oral therapy with telithromycin compared with trovafloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57:377. Clay KD, Hanson JS, Pope SD, et al. Brief communication: severe hepatotoxicity of telithromycin: three case reports and literature review. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:415. Telithromycin (Ketek) for respiratory infections. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2004; 46:66. www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Ketek www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Ketek (Accessed on November 21, 2011). Telithromycin (marketed as Ketek) Information file://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm107824.htm (Accessed on November 21, 2011).
Telithromycin (Ketek) for respiratory infections. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2004; 46:66. www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Ketek www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Ketek (Accessed on November 21, 2011). Telithromycin (marketed as Ketek) Information file://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm107824.htm (Accessed on November 21, 2011). Linezolid vs vancomycin in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia proven due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. LB-49, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Vancouver 2010. file://idsa.confex.com/idsa/2010/webprogram/Paper5047.html (Accessed on January 10, 2011). Menéndez R, Torres A, Rodríguez de Castro F, et al. Reaching stability in community-acquired pneumonia: the effects of the severity of disease, treatment, and the characteristics of patients. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1783. Halm EA, Fine MJ, Marrie TJ, et al. Time to clinical stability in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: implications for practice guidelines. JAMA 1998; 279:1452. el Moussaoui R, de Borgie CA, van den Broek P, et al. Effectiveness of discontinuing antibiotic treatment after three days versus eight days in mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia: randomised, double blind study. BMJ 2006; 332:1355. Li JZ, Winston LG, Moore DH, Bent S. Efficacy of short-course antibiotic regimens for community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2007; 120:783. Dimopoulos G, Matthaiou DK, Karageorgopoulos DE, et al. Short- versus long-course antibacterial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia : a meta-analysis. Drugs 2008; 68:1841. Vergis EN, Indorf A, File TM Jr, et al. Azithromycin vs cefuroxime plus erythromycin for empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1294. Dunbar LM, Wunderink RG, Habib MP, et al. High-dose, short-course levofloxacin for community-acquired pneumonia: a new treatment paradigm. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:752. File TM Jr, Mandell LA, Tillotson G, et al. Gemifloxacin once daily for 5 days versus 7 days for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, multicentre, double-blind study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:112. Topic 6994 Version 15.0
Dunbar LM, Wunderink RG, Habib MP, et al. High-dose, short-course levofloxacin for community-acquired pneumonia: a new treatment paradigm. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:752. File TM Jr, Mandell LA, Tillotson G, et al. Gemifloxacin once daily for 5 days versus 7 days for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, multicentre, double-blind study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:112. Topic 6994 Version 15.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0504-201.211.0.116-B88327F15F-S244013.14]