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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Major bleeding during antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation trials* Study Rate, percent/year Warfarin Aspirin Placebo All• Intracranial Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, and Anticoagulation(AFASAK 1) 0.5 0.2 0.2 0 Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for AtrialFibrillation (BAATAF) 1.6 0.2 - 1.6Δ Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF I) 1.5 0.8 1.9 1.8 Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation 2.1 0.4 - 0.5 Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation 1.4 0.2 - 1.1 European Atrial Fibrillation Trial 2.6 0 0.9 - SPAF II ≤75y 1.6 0.5 0.9 - >75 y 4.2 1.8 1.6 - SPAF III 2.1 0.5 2.4◊ - AFASAK 2 1.1 0.6 1.4 - * Major bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring transfusion of blood or leading to permanent disability or to death. The rate was calculated as number of events per year of treatment. • Includes intracranial bleeding events. Δ Aspirin voluntary. ◊ Aspirin plus warfarin international normalized ratio of the prothrombin time ratio, 1.2-1.5. Reproduced with permission from Gullov, AL, Koefoed, BG, Peterson, P, Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:1322.