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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Selected antiemetic therapies Drug class/name Receptor antagonist Indication Comment Antihistamine Histamine Motion sickness, chemotherapy Sedation is a side effect Cyclizine Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine Anticholinergic Acetylcholine Motion sickness prophylaxis, used with opioids to treat post-operative nausea and vomiting Dry mouth is a side effect Hyoscyamine Benzodiazepine GABA Chemotherapy, cyclic vomiting Rapid onset, short duration of action; sedation Lorazepam Diazepam Midazolam Phenothiazine Dopamine D2 receptor at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Vomiting Extrapyramidal side effects Prochlorperazine Chlorpromazine Perphenazine Promethazine Butyrophenones Dopamine D2 receptor at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Intractable emesis from gastritis Drowsiness, sedation are side effects Droperidol Benzamide Dopamine D2 receptor at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Gastroesophageal reflux, motility disorders Potential risk of tardive dyskinesia associated with chronic or high-dose use. Metoclopramide Anti-serotonin Serotonin (5HT3) Chemotherapy, post-op vomiting Headache, constipation, and abdominal pain are reported side effects Odansetron Granisetron Macrolide Motilin agonist Gastroparesis and other motility disorders Diarrhea and nausea are possible side effects. May alter metabolism of other drugs through inhibition of cytochrome P450. Erythromycin GABA: gamma aminobutyric acid.