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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_63_8184

REFERENCES The role of endoscopy in the patient with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 48:685. Dent OF, Goulston KJ, Zubrzycki J, Chapuis PH. Bowel symptoms in an apparently well population. Dis Colon Rectum 1986; 29:243. Talley NJ, Jones M. Self-reported rectal bleeding in a United States community: prevalence, risk factors, and health care seeking. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:2179. Eslick GD, Kalantar JS, Talley NJ. Rectal bleeding: epidemiology, associated risk factors, and health care seeking behaviour: a population-based study. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11:921. Goulston K, Chapuis P, Dent O, Bokey L. Significance of bowel symptoms. Med J Aust 1987; 146:631. Helfand M, Marton KI, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Sox HC Jr. History of visible rectal bleeding in a primary care population. Initial assessment and 10-year follow-up. JAMA 1997; 277:44. Goulston KJ, Cook I, Dent OF. How important is rectal bleeding in the diagnosis of bowel cancer and polyps? Lancet 1986; 2:261. Segal WN, Greenberg PD, Rockey DC, et al. The outpatient evaluation of hematochezia. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:179. Korkis AM, McDougall CJ. Rectal bleeding in patients less than 50 years of age. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:1520. Simmang CL, Shires GT. Diverticular disease of the colon. In: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, 7th ed, Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia 2002. p.2100. Speights VO, Johnson MW, Stoltenberg PH, et al. Colorectal cancer: current trends in initial clinical manifestations. South Med J 1991; 84:575. Majumdar SR, Fletcher RH, Evans AT. How does colorectal cancer present? Symptoms, duration, and clues to location. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:3039. Bat L, Pines A, Rabau M, et al. Colonoscopic findings in patients with hemorrhoids, rectal bleeding and normal rectoscopy. Isr J Med Sci 1985; 21:139. Mant A, Bokey EL, Chapuis PH, et al. Rectal bleeding. Do other symptoms aid in diagnosis? Dis Colon Rectum 1989; 32:191. Graham DJ, Pritchard TJ, Bloom AD. Colonoscopy for intermittent rectal bleeding: impact on patient management. J Surg Res 1993; 54:136. Wong RF, Khosla R, Moore JH, Kuwada SK. Consider colonoscopy for young patients with hematochezia. J Fam Pract 2004; 53:879.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_63_8184

Mant A, Bokey EL, Chapuis PH, et al. Rectal bleeding. Do other symptoms aid in diagnosis? Dis Colon Rectum 1989; 32:191. Graham DJ, Pritchard TJ, Bloom AD. Colonoscopy for intermittent rectal bleeding: impact on patient management. J Surg Res 1993; 54:136. Wong RF, Khosla R, Moore JH, Kuwada SK. Consider colonoscopy for young patients with hematochezia. J Fam Pract 2004; 53:879. Alonso-Coello P, Wong RF, Kuwada SK. Other strategies for evaluating rectal bleeding in younger patients. J Fam Pract 2005; 54:688. du Toit J, Hamilton W, Barraclough K. Risk in primary care of colorectal cancer from new onset rectal bleeding: 10 year prospective study. BMJ 2006; 333:69. Winawer S, Fletcher R, Rex D, et al. Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale-Update based on new evidence. Gastroenterology 2003; 124:544. Mitka M. Colon cancer screening guidelines stress initial test's importance. JAMA 2003; 289:1089. Fine KD, Nelson AC, Ellington RT, Mossburg A. Comparison of the color of fecal blood with the anatomical location of gastrointestinal bleeding lesions: potential misdiagnosis using only flexible sigmoidoscopy for bright red blood per rectum. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:3202. Zuckerman GR, Trellis DR, Sherman TM, Clouse RE. An objective measure of stool color for differentiating upper from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:1614. Church JM. Analysis of the colonoscopic findings in patients with rectal bleeding according to the pattern of their presenting symptoms. Dis Colon Rectum 1991; 34:391. Kinney TP, Kozarek RA, Ylvisaker JT, et al. Endoscopic evaluation and treatment of rectal hemorrhage after prostate biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 53:117. Van Rosendaal GM, Sutherland LR, Verhoef MJ, et al. Defining the role of fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy in the investigation of patients presenting with bright red rectal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1184. Teshima T, Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, et al. Rectal bleeding after conformal 3D treatment of prostate cancer: time to occurrence, response to treatment and duration of morbidity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 39:77. Swarbrick ET, Fevre DI, Hunt RH, et al. Colonoscopy for unexplained rectal bleeding. Br Med J 1978; 2:1685. Acosta JA, Fournier TK, Knutson CO, Ragland JJ. Colonoscopic evaluation of rectal bleeding in young adults. Am Surg 1994; 60:903.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_63_8184

Teshima T, Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, et al. Rectal bleeding after conformal 3D treatment of prostate cancer: time to occurrence, response to treatment and duration of morbidity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 39:77. Swarbrick ET, Fevre DI, Hunt RH, et al. Colonoscopy for unexplained rectal bleeding. Br Med J 1978; 2:1685. Acosta JA, Fournier TK, Knutson CO, Ragland JJ. Colonoscopic evaluation of rectal bleeding in young adults. Am Surg 1994; 60:903. Eckardt VF, Schmitt T, Kanzler G, et al. Does scant hematochezia necessitate the performance of total colonoscopy? Endoscopy 2002; 34:599. Richter JM, Christensen MR, Kaplan LM, Nishioka NS. Effectiveness of current technology in the diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 41:93. Gonvers JJ, De Bosset V, Froehlich F, et al. 8. Appropriateness of colonoscopy: hematochezia. Endoscopy 1999; 31:631. Imperiale TF, Wagner DR, Lin CY, et al. Results of screening colonoscopy among persons 40 to 49 years of age. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1781. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:1365. Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MH, et al. Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet 1996; 348:1472. Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, et al. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet 1996; 348:1467. Topic 6861 Version 9.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0602-61.234.146.186-3C008BD0A1-S244013.14]