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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f1_41_1690

REFERENCES Kucik CJ, Clenney T. Management of epistaxis. Am Fam Physician 2005; 71:305. Petruson B, Rudin R. The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample. Rhinology 1975; 13:129. Kotecha B, Fowler S, Harkness P, et al. Management of epistaxis: a national survey. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1996; 78:444. Tomkinson A, Roblin DG, Flanagan P, et al. Patterns of hospital attendance with epistaxis. Rhinology 1997; 35:129. Daniell HW. Estrogen prevention of recurrent epistaxis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121:354. Nunez DA, McClymont LG, Evans RA. Epistaxis: a study of the relationship with weather. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1990; 15:49. Okafor BC. Epistaxis: a clinical study of 540 cases. Ear Nose Throat J 1984; 63:153. Juselius H. Epistaxis. A clinical study of 1,724 patients. J Laryngol Otol 1974; 88:317. Lund VJ, Preziosi P, Hercberg S, et al. Yearly incidence of rhinitis, nasal bleeding, and other nasal symptoms in mature women. Rhinology 2006; 44:26. Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Portaluppi F. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of epistaxis. Am J Med 2000; 108:759. Pollice PA, Yoder MG. Epistaxis: a retrospective review of hospitalized patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117:49. Schlosser RJ. Clinical practice. Epistaxis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:784. Alvi A, Joyner-Triplett N. Acute epistaxis. How to spot the source and stop the flow. Postgrad Med 1996; 99:83. Nitu IC, Perry DJ, Lee CA. Clinical experience with the use of clotting factor concentrates in oral anticoagulation reversal. Clin Lab Haematol 1998; 20:363. Lavy J. Epistaxis in anticoagulated patients: educating an at-risk population. Br J Haematol 1996; 95:195. Shah RK, Dhingra JK, Shapshay SM. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a review of 76 cases. Laryngoscope 2002; 112:767. Fuchizaki U, Miyamori H, Kitagawa S, et al. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease). Lancet 2003; 362:1490. Fiorella ML, Ross D, Henderson KJ, White RI Jr. Outcome of septal dermoplasty in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Laryngoscope 2005; 115:301. Liu JK, Gottfried ON, Amini A, Couldwell WT. Aneurysms of the petrous internal carotid artery: anatomy, origins, and treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2004; 17:E13. Chen D, Concus AP, Halbach VV, Cheung SW. Epistaxis originating from traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery: diagnosis and endovascular therapy. Laryngoscope 1998; 108:326.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f1_41_1690

Liu JK, Gottfried ON, Amini A, Couldwell WT. Aneurysms of the petrous internal carotid artery: anatomy, origins, and treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2004; 17:E13. Chen D, Concus AP, Halbach VV, Cheung SW. Epistaxis originating from traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery: diagnosis and endovascular therapy. Laryngoscope 1998; 108:326. Hart RG, Pearce LA. In vivo antithrombotic effect of aspirin: dose versus nongastrointestinal bleeding. Stroke 1993; 24:138. Beran M, Petruson B. Occurrence of epistaxis in habitual nose-bleeders and analysis of some etiological factors. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1986; 48:297. Tay HL, Evans JM, McMahon AD, MacDonald TM. Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and epistaxis. A regional record linkage case control study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1998; 107:671. Schaitkin B, Strauss M, Houck JR. Epistaxis: medical versus surgical therapy: a comparison of efficacy, complications, and economic considerations. Laryngoscope 1987; 97:1392. Pritikin JB, Caldarelli DD, Panje WR. Endoscopic ligation of the internal maxillary artery for treatment of intractable posterior epistaxis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1998; 107:85. Elden L, Montanera W, Terbrugge K, et al. Angiographic embolization for the treatment of epistaxis: a review of 108 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994; 111:44. Petruson B, Rudin R, Svärdsudd K. Is high blood pressure an aetiological factor in epistaxis? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1977; 39:155. Lubianca Neto JF, Fuchs FD, Facco SR, et al. Is epistaxis evidence of end-organ damage in patients with hypertension? Laryngoscope 1999; 109:1111. Lubianca-Neto JF, Bredemeier M, Carvalhal EF, et al. A study of the association between epistaxis and the severity of hypertension. Am J Rhinol 1998; 12:269. Viehweg TL, Roberson JB, Hudson JW. Epistaxis: diagnosis and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64:511. McGarry GW, Gatehouse S, Hinnie J. Relation between alcohol and nose bleeds. BMJ 1994; 309:640. Druce HM, Spector SL, Fireman P, et al. Double-blind study of intranasal ipratropium bromide in nonallergic perennial rhinitis. Ann Allergy 1992; 69:53. Keith P, Nieminen J, Hollingworth K, Dolovich J. Efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate nasal drops 400 microgram once daily compared with placebo for the treatment of bilateral polyposis in adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:1460.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f1_41_1690

Druce HM, Spector SL, Fireman P, et al. Double-blind study of intranasal ipratropium bromide in nonallergic perennial rhinitis. Ann Allergy 1992; 69:53. Keith P, Nieminen J, Hollingworth K, Dolovich J. Efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate nasal drops 400 microgram once daily compared with placebo for the treatment of bilateral polyposis in adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:1460. Riviello RJ. Otolaryngologic procedures. In: Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine, 4th, Roberts JR, Hedges JR. (Eds), WB Saunders, Philadelphia 2004. p.1300. Thaha MA, Nilssen EL, Holland S, et al. Routine coagulation screening in the management of emergency admission for epistaxis--is it necessary? J Laryngol Otol 2000; 114:38. Shakeel M, Trinidade A, Iddamalgoda T, et al. Routine clotting screen has no role in the management of epistaxis: reiterating the point. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 267:1641. Krempl GA, Noorily AD. Use of oxymetazoline in the management of epistaxis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995; 104:704. Loftus BC, Blitzer A, Cozine K. Epistaxis, medical history, and the nasopulmonary reflex: what is clinically relevant? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994; 110:363. Grossman E, Messerli FH, Grodzicki T, Kowey P. Should a moratorium be placed on sublingual nifedipine capsules given for hypertensive emergencies and pseudoemergencies? JAMA 1996; 276:1328. Katz RI, Hovagim AR, Finkelstein HS, et al. A comparison of cocaine, lidocaine with epinephrine, and oxymetazoline for prevention of epistaxis on nasotracheal intubation. J Clin Anesth 1990; 2:16. Groudine SB, Hollinger I, Jones J, DeBouno BA. New York State guidelines on the topical use of phenylephrine in the operating room. The Phenylephrine Advisory Committee. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:859. Middleton PM. Epistaxis. Emerg Med Australas 2004; 16:428. Shehab Z, Pahor A. A valuable device in the management of epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 1997; 111:361. Toner JG, Walby AP. Comparison of electro and chemical cautery in the treatment of anterior epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 1990; 104:617. Breda SD, Jacobs JB, Lebowitz AS, Tierno PM Jr. Toxic shock syndrome in nasal surgery: a physiochemical and microbiologic evaluation of Merocel and NuGauze nasal packing. Laryngoscope 1987; 97:1388.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f1_41_1690

Toner JG, Walby AP. Comparison of electro and chemical cautery in the treatment of anterior epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 1990; 104:617. Breda SD, Jacobs JB, Lebowitz AS, Tierno PM Jr. Toxic shock syndrome in nasal surgery: a physiochemical and microbiologic evaluation of Merocel and NuGauze nasal packing. Laryngoscope 1987; 97:1388. Corbridge RJ, Djazaeri B, Hellier WP, Hadley J. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the use of merocel nasal tampons and BIPP in the control of acute epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1995; 20:305. Rapid Rhino Rev A Techguide. handbook.muh.ie/heent/ent/RR117%20gb%20Rev%20A%20Techguide%20Epistaxis.pdf (Accessed on April 7, 2009). Badran K, Malik TH, Belloso A, Timms MS. Randomized controlled trial comparing Merocel and RapidRhino packing in the management of anterior epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol 2005; 30:333. Singer AJ, Blanda M, Cronin K, et al. Comparison of nasal tampons for the treatment of epistaxis in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 2005; 45:134. Gudziol V, Mewes T, Mann WJ. Rapid Rhino: A new pneumatic nasal tamponade for posterior epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 132:152. Vaiman M, Segal S, Eviatar E. Fibrin glue treatment for epistaxis. Rhinology 2002; 40:88. Mathiasen RA, Cruz RM. Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial of a novel matrix hemostatic sealant in patients with acute anterior epistaxis. Laryngoscope 2005; 115:899. Côté D, Barber B, Diamond C, Wright E. FloSeal hemostatic matrix in persistent epistaxis: prospective clinical trial. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 39:304. McGlashan JA, Walsh R, Dauod A, et al. A comparative study of calcium sodium alginate (Kaltostat) and bismuth tribromophenate (Xeroform) packing in the management of epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 1992; 106:1067. Klepfish A, Berrebi A, Schattner A. Intranasal tranexamic acid treatment for severe epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:767. Pennekamp A, Tschirky P, Grossenbacher R. [Significance of Staphylococcus aureus in nose operations. Risk of toxic shock syndrome?]. HNO 1995; 43:664. Jacobson JA, Stevens MH, Kasworm EM. Evaluation of single-dose cefazolin prophylaxis for toxic shock syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988; 114:326.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f1_41_1690

Klepfish A, Berrebi A, Schattner A. Intranasal tranexamic acid treatment for severe epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:767. Pennekamp A, Tschirky P, Grossenbacher R. [Significance of Staphylococcus aureus in nose operations. Risk of toxic shock syndrome?]. HNO 1995; 43:664. Jacobson JA, Stevens MH, Kasworm EM. Evaluation of single-dose cefazolin prophylaxis for toxic shock syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988; 114:326. Biswas D, Mal RK. Are systemic prophylactic antibiotics indicated with anterior nasal packing for spontaneous epistaxis? Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:179. Rejas Ugena E, Trinidad Ruiz G, Alvarez Domínguez J, et al. [Utility of the surgical treatment for severe epistaxis by endoscopic approach of sphenopalatine and ethmoidal arteries]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2006; 57:228. McFerran DJ, Edmonds SE. The use of balloon catheters in the treatment of epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol 1993; 107:197. Goddard JC, Reiter ER. Inpatient management of epistaxis: outcomes and cost. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 132:707. Burton MJ, Dorée CJ. Interventions for recurrent idiopathic epistaxis (nosebleeds) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; :CD004461. Rashid M, Karagama Y. Inflation of Foley catheters for postnasal packing. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 124:997. García Callejo FJ, Muñoz Fernández N, Achiques Martínez MT, et al. [Nasal packing in posterior epistaxis. Comparison of two methods]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2010; 61:196. Sessions RB. Nasal Hemorrhage. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1973; 6:727. Jacobs JR, Levine LA, Davis H, et al. Posterior packs and the nasopulmonary reflex. Laryngoscope 1981; 91:279. Abdelkader M, Leong SC, White PS. Endoscopic control of the sphenopalatine artery for epistaxis: long-term results. J Laryngol Otol 2007; 121:759. Tseng EY, Narducci CA, Willing SJ, Sillers MJ. Angiographic embolization for epistaxis: a review of 114 cases. Laryngoscope 1998; 108:615. Moshaver A, Harris JR, Liu R, et al. Early operative intervention versus conventional treatment in epistaxis: randomized prospective trial. J Otolaryngol 2004; 33:185. Christensen NP, Smith DS, Barnwell SL, Wax MK. Arterial embolization in the management of posterior epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 133:748.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f1_41_1690

Tseng EY, Narducci CA, Willing SJ, Sillers MJ. Angiographic embolization for epistaxis: a review of 114 cases. Laryngoscope 1998; 108:615. Moshaver A, Harris JR, Liu R, et al. Early operative intervention versus conventional treatment in epistaxis: randomized prospective trial. J Otolaryngol 2004; 33:185. Christensen NP, Smith DS, Barnwell SL, Wax MK. Arterial embolization in the management of posterior epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 133:748. Monte ED, Belmont MJ, Wax MK. Management paradigms for posterior epistaxis: A comparison of costs and complications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 121:103. Topic 265 Version 8.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1104-183.166.191.243-2F5800EE8D-S244013.14]