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de Kleijn EM, van Lier HJ, van der Meer JW. Fever of unknown origin (FUO). II. Diagnostic procedures in a prospective multicenter study of 167 patients. The Netherlands FUO Study Group. Medicine (Baltimore) 1997; 76:401. Gaeta GB, Fusco FM, Nardiello S. Fever of unknown origin: a systematic review of the literature for 1995-2004. Nucl Med Commun 2006; 27:205. Long SS, Edwards KM. Prolonged, recurrent, and periodic fever syndromes. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 4th, Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG. (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Edinburgh 2012. p.117. Bichet DG, Hendy GN, Lonergan M, et al. X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: from the ship Hopewell to RFLP studies. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 51:1089. Akova YA, Jabbur NS, Foster CS. Ocular presentation of polyarteritis nodosa. Clinical course and management with steroid and cytotoxic therapy. Ophthalmology 1993; 100:1775. Hsu CT, Kerrison JB, Miller NR, Goldberg MF. Choroidal infarction, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and central retinal artery occlusion from polyarteritis nodosa. Retina 2001; 21:348. Siminoski K. Persistent fever due to occult dental infection: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16:550. Katz J, Weinstein E, Barak S, Livneh A. Dental disease in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. Ann Dent 1992; 51:3. Naschitz JE, Yeshurun D. Occult infection in the facial area presenting as fever of unknown origin. Isr J Med Sci 1985; 21:995. Levinson SL, Barondess JA. Occult dental infection as a cause of fever of obscure origin. Am J Med 1979; 66:463. Arisoy ES, Correa AG, Wagner ML, Kaplan SL. Hepatosplenic cat-scratch disease in children: selected clinical features and treatment. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:778. Miller LC, Sisson BA, Tucker LB, Schaller JG. Prolonged fevers of unknown origin in children: patterns of presentation and outcome. J Pediatr 1996; 129:419. Farid Z, Kamal M, Karam M, et al. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with fever of unknown origin: clinical features and diagnosis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1999; 74:473. Stein RC. The white blood cell count in fevers of unknown origin. Am J Dis Child 1972; 124:60. Todd JK. Childhood infections. Diagnostic value of peripheral white blood cell and differential cell counts. Am J Dis Child 1974; 127:810. Margolis MT. Specific anergy in tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1388.

Farid Z, Kamal M, Karam M, et al. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with fever of unknown origin: clinical features and diagnosis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1999; 74:473. Stein RC. The white blood cell count in fevers of unknown origin. Am J Dis Child 1972; 124:60. Todd JK. Childhood infections. Diagnostic value of peripheral white blood cell and differential cell counts. Am J Dis Child 1974; 127:810. Margolis MT. Specific anergy in tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1388. McMurray DN, Echeverri A. Cell-mediated immunity in anergic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 118:827. Nash DR, Douglass JE. Anergy in active pulmonary tuberculosis. A comparison between positive and negative reactors and an evaluation of 5 TU and 250 TU skin test doses. Chest 1980; 77:32. Tuberculin negative tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973; 107:882. Palazzi DL, McClain KL, Kaplan SL. Hemophagocytic syndrome in children: an important diagnostic consideration in fever of unknown origin. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:306. Hayani A, Mahoney DH, Fernbach DJ. Role of bone marrow examination in the child with prolonged fever. J Pediatr 1990; 116:919. Steele RW, Jones SM, Lowe BA, Glasier CM. Usefulness of scanning procedures for diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in children. J Pediatr 1991; 119:526. Picus D, Siegel MJ, Balfe DM. Abdominal computed tomography in children with unexplained prolonged fever. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984; 8:851. Fineman DS, Palestro CJ, Kim CK, et al. Detection of abnormalities in febrile AIDS patients with In-111-labeled leukocyte and Ga-67 scintigraphy. Radiology 1989; 170:677. Buonomo C, Treves ST. Gallium scanning in children with fever of unknown origin. Pediatr Radiol 1993; 23:307. Meller J, Sahlmann CO, Scheel AK. 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in fever of unknown origin. J Nucl Med 2007; 48:35. Sturm E, Rings EH, Schölvinck EH, et al. Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography contributes to management of pediatric liver transplantation candidates with fever of unknown origin. Liver Transpl 2006; 12:1698. Gratz S, Behr TM, Herrmann A, et al. Immunoscintigraphy (BW 250/183) in neonates and infants with fever of unknown origin. Nucl Med Commun 1998; 19:1037. Talano JA, Katz BZ. Long-term follow-up of children with fever of unknown origin. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2000; 39:715. Topic 5993 Version 12.0

Sturm E, Rings EH, Schölvinck EH, et al. Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography contributes to management of pediatric liver transplantation candidates with fever of unknown origin. Liver Transpl 2006; 12:1698. Gratz S, Behr TM, Herrmann A, et al. Immunoscintigraphy (BW 250/183) in neonates and infants with fever of unknown origin. Nucl Med Commun 1998; 19:1037. Talano JA, Katz BZ. Long-term follow-up of children with fever of unknown origin. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2000; 39:715. Topic 5993 Version 12.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0503-200.131.240.2-EA0AF42627-S244013.14]