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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f10_27_10679

REFERENCES Chase CW, Barker DE, Russell WL, Burns RP. Serum amylase and lipase in the evaluation of acute abdominal pain. Am Surg 1996; 62:1028. Gumaste VV, Roditis N, Mehta D, Dave PB. Serum lipase levels in nonpancreatic abdominal pain versus acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:2051. Clavien PA, Robert J, Meyer P, et al. Acute pancreatitis and normoamylasemia. Not an uncommon combination. Ann Surg 1989; 210:614. Lankisch PG, Burchard-Reckert S, Lehnick D. Underestimation of acute pancreatitis: patients with only a small increase in amylase/lipase levels can also have or develop severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 1999; 44:542. Fallat RW, Vester JW, Glueck CJ. Suppression of amylase activity by hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1973; 225:1331. Pieper-Bigelow C, Strocchi A, Levitt MD. Where does serum amylase come from and where does it go? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990; 19:793. Berk JE, Kizu H, Wilding P, Searcy RL. Macroamylasemia: a newly recognized cause for elevated serum amylase activity. N Engl J Med 1967; 277:941. Sachdeva CK, Bank S, Greenberg R, et al. Fluctuations in serum amylase in patients with macroamylasemia. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:800. Deprettere AJ, Eykens A, Van Hoof V. Disappearance of macroamylasemia in a celiac patient after treatment with a gluten-free diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001; 33:346. Barera G, Bazzigaluppi E, Viscardi M, et al. Macroamylasemia attributable to gluten-related amylase autoantibodies: a case report. Pediatrics 2001; 107:E93. Rabsztyn A, Green PH, Berti I, et al. Macroamylasemia in patients with celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1096. Eleccion CB, Hathaway AA. Macroamylasemia in HIV infection. Tex Med 1998; 94:77. Bonetti G, Serricchio G, Giudici A, et al. Hyperamylasemia due to macroamylasemia in adult gluten enteropathy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997; 57:271. Yoshida K, Minegishi Y, Okawa H, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignant lymphoma with macroamylasemia and monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1997; 14:85. Cutolo M, Sulli A, Barone A, et al. Macroamylasemia: a possible cause of unexplained hyperamylasemia in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1995; 34:290. Fujimura Y, Nishishita C, Uchida J, Iida M. Macroamylasemia associated with ulcerative colitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 1995; 73:95.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f10_27_10679

Yoshida K, Minegishi Y, Okawa H, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignant lymphoma with macroamylasemia and monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1997; 14:85. Cutolo M, Sulli A, Barone A, et al. Macroamylasemia: a possible cause of unexplained hyperamylasemia in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1995; 34:290. Fujimura Y, Nishishita C, Uchida J, Iida M. Macroamylasemia associated with ulcerative colitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 1995; 73:95. Van Gossum A, Cremer M. Macroamylasemia disappearance after gluten withdrawal. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34:964. Carroccio A, Di Prima L, Scalici C, et al. Unexplained elevated serum pancreatic enzymes: a reason to suspect celiac disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4:455. Ben-Horin S, Farfel Z, Mouallem M. Gastroenteritis-associated hyperamylasemia: prevalence and clinical significance. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:689. Coté GA, Gottstein JH, Daud A, et al. The role of etiology in the hyperamylasemia of acute liver failure. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104:592. Clavien PA, Burgan S, Moossa AR. Serum enzymes and other laboratory tests in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1989; 76:1234. Spechler SJ, Dalton JW, Robbins AH, et al. Prevalence of normal serum amylase levels in patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1983; 28:865. Toskes PP. Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990; 19:783. Orebaugh SL. Normal amylase levels in the presentation of acute pancreatitis. Am J Emerg Med 1994; 12:21. Yadav D, Nair S, Norkus EP, Pitchumoni CS. Nonspecific hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia in diabetic ketoacidosis: incidence and correlation with biochemical abnormalities. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:3123. Argiris A, Mathur-Wagh U, Wilets I, Mildvan D. Abnormalities of serum amylase and lipase in HIV-positive patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:1248. Gullo L. Day-to-day variations of serum pancreatic enzymes in benign pancreatic hyperenzymemia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5:70. Ranson JH, Pasternack BS. Statistical methods for quantifying the severity of clinical acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 1977; 22:79. Ranson JH. Etiological and prognostic factors in human acute pancreatitis: a review. Am J Gastroenterol 1982; 77:633. Shah AM, Eddi R, Kothari ST, et al. Acute pancreatitis with normal serum lipase: a case series. JOP 2010; 11:369.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f10_27_10679

Ranson JH, Pasternack BS. Statistical methods for quantifying the severity of clinical acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 1977; 22:79. Ranson JH. Etiological and prognostic factors in human acute pancreatitis: a review. Am J Gastroenterol 1982; 77:633. Shah AM, Eddi R, Kothari ST, et al. Acute pancreatitis with normal serum lipase: a case series. JOP 2010; 11:369. Steinberg WM, Goldstein SS, Davis ND, et al. Diagnostic assays in acute pancreatitis. A study of sensitivity and specificity. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102:576. Tietz NW, Huang WY, Rauh DF, Shuey DF. Laboratory tests in the differential diagnosis of hyperamylasemia. Clin Chem 1986; 32:301. Werner M, Steinberg WM, Pauley C. Strategic use of individual and combined enzyme indicators for acute pancreatitis analyzed by receiver-operator characteristics. Clin Chem 1989; 35:967. Levitt MD. Clinical use of amylase clearance and isoamylase measurements. Mayo Clin Proc 1979; 54:428. Johnson SG, Ellis CJ, Levitt MD. Mechanism of increased renal clearnace of amylase/creatinine in acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1976; 295:1214. Levine RI, Glauser FL, Berk JE. Enhancement of the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio in disorders other than acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1975; 292:329. Gumaste VV, Dave PB, Weissman D, Messer J. Lipase/amylase ratio. A new index that distinguishes acute episodes of alcoholic from nonalcoholic acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1991; 101:1361. Tenner SM, Steinberg W. The admission serum lipase:amylase ratio differentiates alcoholic from nonalcoholic acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87:1755. King LG, Seelig CB, Ranney JE. The lipase to amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:67. Sadowski DC, Sutherland LR. The lipase/amylase ratio: sensitive but not specific. Gastroenterology 1992; 103:352. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, Ranson JH. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990; 174:331. Balthazar EJ. CT diagnosis and staging of acute pancreatitis. Radiol Clin North Am 1989; 27:19. McMenamin DA, Gates LK Jr. A retrospective analysis of the effect of contrast-enhanced CT on the outcome of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:1384. Lecesne R, Taourel P, Bret PM, et al. Acute pancreatitis: interobserver agreement and correlation of CT and MR cholangiopancreatography with outcome. Radiology 1999; 211:727.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f10_27_10679

McMenamin DA, Gates LK Jr. A retrospective analysis of the effect of contrast-enhanced CT on the outcome of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:1384. Lecesne R, Taourel P, Bret PM, et al. Acute pancreatitis: interobserver agreement and correlation of CT and MR cholangiopancreatography with outcome. Radiology 1999; 211:727. Morgan DE, Baron TH, Smith JK, et al. Pancreatic fluid collections prior to intervention: evaluation with MR imaging compared with CT and US. Radiology 1997; 203:773. Taylor AC, Little AF, Hennessy OF, et al. Prospective assessment of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for noninvasive imaging of the biliary tree. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 55:17. Arvanitakis M, Delhaye M, De Maertelaere V, et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2004; 126:715. Topic 5643 Version 5.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1003-190.111.122.2-33308A762F-S244013.14]