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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f12_15_12538

REFERENCES file://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/default.htm (Accessed on January 10, 2011). Schmid GP. Approach to the patient with genital ulcer disease. Med Clin North Am 1990; 74:1559. Rosen T, Brown TJ. Genital ulcers. Evaluation and treatment. Dermatol Clin 1998; 16:673. Bruisten SM. Genital ulcers in women. Curr Womens Health Rep 2003; 3:288. Taylor S, Drake SM, Dedicoat M, Wood MJ. Genital ulcers associated with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. Sex Transm Infect 1998; 74:296. Martín JM, Godoy R, Calduch L, et al. Lipschütz acute vulval ulcers associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatr Dermatol 2008; 25:113. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance, Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2007. www.cdc.gov/std/stats07/tables.htm (Accessed on September 30, 2009). Mertz KJ, Trees D, Levine WC, et al. Etiology of genital ulcers and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in 10 US cities. The Genital Ulcer Disease Surveillance Group. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1795. Chen CY, Ballard RC, Beck-Sague CM, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital ulcer disease in South Africa: the herpetic connection. Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27:21. Beyrer C, Jitwatcharanan K, Natpratan C, et al. Molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in a sexually transmitted disease clinic population in northern Thailand: predominance of herpes simplex virus infection. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:243. Bogaerts J, Kestens L, van Dyck E, et al. Genital ulcers in a primary health clinic in Rwanda: impact of HIV infection on diagnosis and ulcer healing (1986-1992). Int J STD AIDS 1998; 9:706. 2007 National Guidelines for the management of chancroid. Clinical Effectiveness Group (British Association for Sexual Health and HIV, BASSH). www.bashh.org/guidelines (Accessed on October 12, 2011). Lai W, Chen CY, Morse SA, et al. Increasing relative prevalence of HSV-2 infection among men with genital ulcers from a mining community in South Africa. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79:202. Paz-Bailey G, Rahman M, Chen C, et al. Changes in the etiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Botswana between 1993 and 2002: implications for the clinical management of genital ulcer disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1304.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f12_15_12538

Lai W, Chen CY, Morse SA, et al. Increasing relative prevalence of HSV-2 infection among men with genital ulcers from a mining community in South Africa. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79:202. Paz-Bailey G, Rahman M, Chen C, et al. Changes in the etiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Botswana between 1993 and 2002: implications for the clinical management of genital ulcer disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1304. Riedner G, Todd J, Rusizoka M, et al. Possible reasons for an increase in the proportion of genital ulcers due to herpes simplex virus from a cohort of female bar workers in Tanzania. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83:91. Rompalo AM, Lawlor J, Seaman P, et al. Modification of syphilitic genital ulcer manifestations by coexistent HIV infection. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28:448. Morse SA, Trees DL, Htun Y, et al. Comparison of clinical diagnosis and standard laboratory and molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho: association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:583. DiCarlo RP, Martin DH. The clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in men. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25:292. French P. Syphilis. BMJ 2007; 334:143. Beck-Sague CM, Cordts JR, Brown K, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases in facilities within the United States. Results of a national survey. Sex Transm Dis 1996; 23:342. Lewis DA. Chancroid: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79:68. Ndinya-Achola JO, Kihara AN, Fisher LD, et al. Presumptive specific clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in a primary health care setting in Nairobi. Int J STD AIDS 1996; 7:201. Ashley RL, Wald A. Genital herpes: review of the epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12:1. Groen J, Van Dijk G, Niesters HG, et al. Comparison of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and one rapid immunoblot assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibodies in serum. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:845. Lafferty WE, Krofft S, Remington M, et al. Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus by direct immunofluorescence and viral isolation from samples of external genital lesions in a high-prevalence population. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25:323. Schomogyi M, Wald A, Corey L. Herpes simplex virus-2 infection. An emerging disease? Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998; 12:47.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f12_15_12538

Lafferty WE, Krofft S, Remington M, et al. Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus by direct immunofluorescence and viral isolation from samples of external genital lesions in a high-prevalence population. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25:323. Schomogyi M, Wald A, Corey L. Herpes simplex virus-2 infection. An emerging disease? Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998; 12:47. Ramaswamy M, McDonald C, Smith M, et al. Diagnosis of genital herpes by real time PCR in routine clinical practice. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80:406. Hart G. Syphilis tests in diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104:368. Morse SA. Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi. Clin Microbiol Rev 1989; 2:137. Totten PA, Kuypers J, Morse SA. Haemophilus ducreyi detection by PCR. In: Methods in Molecular Medicine: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Methods and Protocols, Peeling RW, Sparling PF (Eds), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 2008. Vol 20, p.47. Chui L, Albritton W, Paster B, et al. Development of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of chancroid. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:659. Orle KA, Gates CA, Martin DH, et al. Simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 from genital ulcers. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:49. Carter J, Hutton S, Sriprakash KS, et al. Culture of the causative organism of donovanosis (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) in HEp-2 cells. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2915. Mackay IM, Harnett G, Jeoffreys N, et al. Detection and discrimination of herpes simplex viruses, Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, and Calymmatobacterium (Klebsiella) granulomatis from genital ulcers. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1431. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the Management of sexually transmitted infections. WHO/HIV_AIDS/2003.01. Geneva WHO, 2003. O'Farrell N. Donovanosis. Sex Transm Infect 2002; 78:452. Larsen SA, Steiner BM, Rudolph AH. Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8:1. Mertz KJ, Weiss JB, Webb RM, et al. An investigation of genital ulcers in Jackson, Mississippi, with use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay: high prevalence of chancroid and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1060. Johnson LF, Lewis DA. The effect of genital tract infections on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:946.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f12_15_12538

Mertz KJ, Weiss JB, Webb RM, et al. An investigation of genital ulcers in Jackson, Mississippi, with use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay: high prevalence of chancroid and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1060. Johnson LF, Lewis DA. The effect of genital tract infections on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:946. Cohen MS. HIV and sexually transmitted diseases: lethal synergy. Top HIV Med 2004; 12:104. Rietmeijer CA, Alfonsi GA, Douglas JM, et al. Trends in clinic visits and diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections after the introduction of a copayment in a sexually transmitted infection clinic. Sex Transm Dis 2005; 32:243. Topic 7592 Version 7.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1105-83.177.194.223-D60132E406-S244013.14]