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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f2_35_2617

REFERENCES Bales CW, Ritchie CS. Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr 2002; 22:309. Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, Buckley JD, Clifton PM. Weight loss improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese men with features of the metabolic syndrome. Am Heart J 2006; 152:693.e1. Bistrian BR. Nutritional Assessment. In: Textbook of Medicine, Saunders, Philadelphia. Meltzer AA, Everhart JE. Unintentional weight loss in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142:1039. Bouras EP, Lange SM, Scolapio JS. Rational approach to patients with unintentional weight loss. Mayo Clin Proc 2001; 76:923. Moriguti JC, Moriguti EK, Ferriolli E, et al. Involuntary weight loss in elderly individuals: assessment and treatment. Sao Paulo Med J 2001; 119:72. Yaari S, Goldbourt U. Voluntary and involuntary weight loss: associations with long term mortality in 9,228 middle-aged and elderly men. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148:546. Sahyoun NR, Serdula MK, Galuska DA, et al. The epidemiology of recent involuntary weight loss in the United States population. J Nutr Health Aging 2004; 8:510. Morley JE, Kraenzle D. Causes of weight loss in a community nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42:583. Murden RA, Ainslie NK. Recent weight loss is related to short-term mortality in nursing homes. J Gen Intern Med 1994; 9:648. Flacker JM, Kiely DK. A practical approach to identifying mortality-related factors in established long-term care residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46:1012. Flacker JM, Kiely DK. Mortality-related factors and 1-year survival in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51:213. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Lennon L. Reasons for intentional weight loss, unintentional weight loss, and mortality in older men. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:1035. Gregg EW, Gerzoff RB, Thompson TJ, Williamson DF. Intentional weight loss and death in overweight and obese U.S. adults 35 years of age and older. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138:383. Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:741. Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, et al. Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:753. Perry CD, Hutter MM, Smith DB, et al. Survival and changes in comorbidities after bariatric surgery. Ann Surg 2008; 247:21.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f2_35_2617

Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:741. Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, et al. Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:753. Perry CD, Hutter MM, Smith DB, et al. Survival and changes in comorbidities after bariatric surgery. Ann Surg 2008; 247:21. Hoogwerf BJ, Nuttall FQ. Long-term weight regulation in treated hyperthyroid and hypothyroid subjects. Am J Med 1984; 76:963. Rodin GM, Daneman D. Eating disorders and IDDM. A problematic association. Diabetes Care 1992; 15:1402. Neal JM. Diabetic neuropathic cachexia: a rare manifestation of diabetic neuropathy. South Med J 2009; 102:327. Blau RH. Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Report of a woman with this syndrome and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143:2011. Bolland MJ, Grey AB, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Association between primary hyperparathyroidism and increased body weight: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:1525. Goldstein RE, O'Neill JA Jr, Holcomb GW 3rd, et al. Clinical experience over 48 years with pheochromocytoma. Ann Surg 1999; 229:755. Marton KI, Sox HC Jr, Krupp JR. Involuntary weight loss: diagnostic and prognostic significance. Ann Intern Med 1981; 95:568. Rabinovitz M, Pitlik SD, Leifer M, et al. Unintentional weight loss. A retrospective analysis of 154 cases. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146:186. Hernández JL, Riancho JA, Matorras P, González-Macías J. Clinical evaluation for cancer in patients with involuntary weight loss without specific symptoms. Am J Med 2003; 114:631. Lankisch P, Gerzmann M, Gerzmann JF, Lehnick D. Unintentional weight loss: diagnosis and prognosis. The first prospective follow-up study from a secondary referral centre. J Intern Med 2001; 249:41. Staal-van den Brekel AJ, Schols AM, ten Velde GP, et al. Analysis of the energy balance in lung cancer patients. Cancer Res 1994; 54:6430. Vanderschueren S, Geens E, Knockaert D, Bobbaers H. The diagnostic spectrum of unintentional weight loss. Eur J Intern Med 2005; 16:160. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Body weight as essential data in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58:317. Grunfeld C. What causes wasting in AIDS? N Engl J Med 1995; 333:123.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f2_35_2617

Vanderschueren S, Geens E, Knockaert D, Bobbaers H. The diagnostic spectrum of unintentional weight loss. Eur J Intern Med 2005; 16:160. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Body weight as essential data in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58:317. Grunfeld C. What causes wasting in AIDS? N Engl J Med 1995; 333:123. Macallan DC, Noble C, Baldwin C, et al. Energy expenditure and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:83. Miján-de-la-Torre A. Recent insights on chronic heart failure, cachexia and nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:251. Schwartz DB, DiMaria RA. Pulmonary and Cardiac Failure [CD-ROM]. In: A.S.P.E.N. Nutrition Support Core Curriculum: A Case Based Approach-The Adult Patient, Gottschlich MM (Ed), 2007. p.492. Shukla S, Hull R. Unintentional weight loss. Think of giant cell arteritis. BMJ 2011; 342:d2889. Thompson MP, Morris LK. Unexplained weight loss in the ambulatory elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39:497. Huffman GB. Evaluating and treating unintentional weight loss in the elderly. Am Fam Physician 2002; 65:640. Morley JE. Anorexia of aging: physiologic and pathologic. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66:760. Mikkelsen EJ, Albert LG, Upadhyaya A. Neuroleptic-withdrawal cachexia. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:929. Budney AJ, Hughes JR, Moore BA, Vandrey R. Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:1967. Alibhai SM, Greenwood C, Payette H. An approach to the management of unintentional weight loss in elderly people. CMAJ 2005; 172:773. Metalidis C, Knockaert DC, Bobbaers H, Vanderschueren S. Involuntary weight loss. Does a negative baseline evaluation provide adequate reassurance? Eur J Intern Med 2008; 19:345. McMinn J, Steel C, Bowman A. Investigation and management of unintentional weight loss in older adults. BMJ 2011; 342:d1732. Robbins LJ. Evaluation of weight loss in the elderly. Geriatrics 1989; 44:31. Bilbao-Garay J, Barba R, Losa-García JE, et al. Assessing clinical probability of organic disease in patients with involuntary weight loss: a simple score. Eur J Intern Med 2002; 13:240. Wise GR, Craig D. Evaluation of involuntary weight loss. Where do you start? Postgrad Med 1994; 95:143.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f2_35_2617

Robbins LJ. Evaluation of weight loss in the elderly. Geriatrics 1989; 44:31. Bilbao-Garay J, Barba R, Losa-García JE, et al. Assessing clinical probability of organic disease in patients with involuntary weight loss: a simple score. Eur J Intern Med 2002; 13:240. Wise GR, Craig D. Evaluation of involuntary weight loss. Where do you start? Postgrad Med 1994; 95:143. Hernández JL, Matorras P, Riancho JA, González-Macías J. Involuntary weight loss without specific symptoms: a clinical prediction score for malignant neoplasm. QJM 2003; 96:649. Topic 2770 Version 12.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1004-115.25.216.6-E8883028DF-S244013.14]