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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Classification of aspiration pneumonia Inoculum Pulmonary sequelae Clinical features Therapy Acid Chemical pneumonitis Acute dyspnea, tachpnea, tachycardia; ± cyanosis, bronchospasm, fever Sputum: pink, frothy Radiograph: infiltrates in one or both lower lobes Hypoxemia Positive pressure breathing Intravenous fluids Tracheal suction Oropharyngeal bacteria Bacterial infection Usually insidious onset Cough, fever, purulent sputum Radiograph: infiltrate involving dependent pulmonary segment or lobe ± cavitation Antibiotics Inert fluids Mechanical obstruction Reflex airway closure Acute dyspnea, cyanosis ± apnea Pulmonary edema Tracheal suction Intermittent positive-pressure breathing with oxygen and isoproterenol Particulate matter Mechanical obstruction Dependent upon level of obstruction, ranging from acute apnea and rapid death to irritative chronic cough ± recurrent infections Extraction of particulate matter Antibiotics for superimposed infection