Browse the corpus

REFERENCES Sturgill MG, Rapp RP. Clarithromycin: review of a new macrolide antibiotic with improved microbiologic spectrum and favorable pharmacokinetic and adverse effect profiles. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26:1099. Rapp RP, McCraney SA, Goodman NL, Shaddick DJ. New macrolide antibiotics: usefulness in infections caused by mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28:1255. Neu HC. New macrolide antibiotics: azithromycin and clarithromycin. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:517. Ballow CH, Amsden GW. Azithromycin: the first azalide antibiotic. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26:1253. Malhotra-Kumar S, Lammens C, Coenen S, et al. Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant streptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2007; 369:482. Leclercq R. Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: nature of the resistance elements and their clinical implications. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:482. Corso A, Severina EP, Petruk VF, et al. Molecular characterization of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing respiratory disease in the United States. Microb Drug Resist 1998; 4:325. Shortridge VD, Doern GV, Brueggemann AB, et al. Prevalence of macrolide resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from a multicenter antibiotic resistance surveillance study conducted in the United States in 1994-1995. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:1186. Cetin ES, Gunes H, Kaya S, et al. Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins among clinical staphylococcal isolates in a Turkish university hospital. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2010; 43:524. Aktas Z, Aridogan A, Kayacan CB, Aydin D. Resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics in staphylococci isolated in Istanbul, Turkey. J Microbiol 2007; 45:286. Lina G, Quaglia A, Reverdy ME, et al. Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1062. Chollet R, Chevalier J, Bryskier A, Pagès JM. The AcrAB-TolC pump is involved in macrolide resistance but not in telithromycin efflux in Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3621.

Lina G, Quaglia A, Reverdy ME, et al. Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1062. Chollet R, Chevalier J, Bryskier A, Pagès JM. The AcrAB-TolC pump is involved in macrolide resistance but not in telithromycin efflux in Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3621. Goldstein F, Vidal B, Kitzis MD. Telithromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:1489. Zuckerman JM. Macrolides and ketolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2004; 18:621. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 Suppl 2:S27. O'Doherty B, Muller O. Randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and tolerance of azithromycin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia. Azithromycin Study Group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:828. File TM. Telithromycin new product overview. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:S1. Bahal N, Nahata MC. The new macrolide antibiotics: azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, and roxithromycin. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26:46. Piscitelli SC, Danziger LH, Rodvold KA. Clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. Clin Pharm 1992; 11:137. Azithromycin extended-release (Zmax) for sinusitis and pneumonia. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2005; 47:78. Sivapalasingam S, Steigbigel NH. Macrolides, clindamycin, and ketolides. In: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th ed, Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (Eds), Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2005. p.396. Namour F, Wessels DH, Pascual MH, et al. Pharmacokinetics of the new ketolide telithromycin (HMR 3647) administered in ascending single and multiple doses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:170. Wellington K, Noble S. Telithromycin. Drugs 2004; 64:1683. Product Information for Zithromax, Biaxin, Physicians' Desk Reference, 1995. Brater, DC. Pocket Manual of Drug Use in Clinical Medicine, 6th ed, Improved Therapeutics, Indianapolis 1994. Ross DB. The FDA and the case of Ketek. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1601. Soreth J, Cox E, Kweder S, et al. Ketek--the FDA perspective. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1675.

Product Information for Zithromax, Biaxin, Physicians' Desk Reference, 1995. Brater, DC. Pocket Manual of Drug Use in Clinical Medicine, 6th ed, Improved Therapeutics, Indianapolis 1994. Ross DB. The FDA and the case of Ketek. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1601. Soreth J, Cox E, Kweder S, et al. Ketek--the FDA perspective. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1675. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk: Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation, 4th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1994. p.335. Bush MR, Rosa C. Azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of cervical chlamydial infection during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84:61. Adair CD, Gunter M, Stovall TG, et al. Chlamydia in pregnancy: a randomized trial of azithromycin and erythromycin. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91:165. Sarkar M, Woodland C, Koren G, Einarson AR. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to azithromycin. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2006; 6:18. Product Information for clarithromycin tablets. Abbott Laboratories, revised January, 1997. Aventis Pharmaceuticals. Ketek product labeling. 2005. Zithromax (azithromycin) tablet, single-dose packet, IV for injection, and oral suspension. Safety labeling changes approved by FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) file://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm225814.htm (Accessed on March 21, 2011). Clay KD, Hanson JS, Pope SD, et al. Brief communication: severe hepatotoxicity of telithromycin: three case reports and literature review. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:415. Brinker AD, Wassel RT, Lyndly J, et al. Telithromycin-associated hepatotoxicity: Clinical spectrum and causality assessment of 42 cases. Hepatology 2009; 49:250. Camilleri M. Clinical practice. Diabetic gastroparesis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:820. US Food and Drug Administration. Azithromycin (Zithromax or Zmax): Drug safety communication - risk of potentially fatal heart rhythms. file://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm343350.htm?source=govdelivery (Accessed on March 15, 2013). Ray WA, Murray KT, Meredith S, et al. Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1089.

US Food and Drug Administration. Azithromycin (Zithromax or Zmax): Drug safety communication - risk of potentially fatal heart rhythms. file://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm343350.htm?source=govdelivery (Accessed on March 15, 2013). Ray WA, Murray KT, Meredith S, et al. Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1089. US Food and Drug Administration. Zmax (azithromycin extended release) for oral suspension. Safety labeling changes approved by FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). file://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm262866.htm (Accessed on May 18, 2012). ZITHROMAX (azithromycin tablets) and(azithromycin for oral suspension) - prescribing information. file://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/050710s039,050711s036,050784s023lbl.pdf (Accessed on March 15, 2013). Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K, et al. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1881. Milberg P, Eckardt L, Bruns HJ, et al. Divergent proarrhythmic potential of macrolide antibiotics despite similar QT prolongation: fast phase 3 repolarization prevents early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:218. Volberg WA, Koci BJ, Su W, et al. Blockade of human cardiac potassium channel human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) by macrolide antibiotics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:320. Kamochi H, Nii T, Eguchi K, et al. Clarithromycin associated with torsades de pointes. Jpn Circ J 1999; 63:421. Ress BD, Gross EM. Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss as a result of azithromycin ototoxicity. A case report. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000; 109:435. Coulston J, Balaratnam N. Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss due to clarithromycin. Postgrad Med J 2005; 81:58. Swanson DJ, Sung RJ, Fine MJ, et al. Erythromycin ototoxicity: prospective assessment with serum concentrations and audiograms in a study of patients with pneumonia. Am J Med 1992; 92:61. Vasquez EM, Maddux MS, Sanchez J, Pollak R. Clinically significant hearing loss in renal allograft recipients treated with intravenous erythromycin. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:879. Bizjak ED, Haug MT 3rd, Schilz RJ, et al. Intravenous azithromycin-induced ototoxicity. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19:245.

Swanson DJ, Sung RJ, Fine MJ, et al. Erythromycin ototoxicity: prospective assessment with serum concentrations and audiograms in a study of patients with pneumonia. Am J Med 1992; 92:61. Vasquez EM, Maddux MS, Sanchez J, Pollak R. Clinically significant hearing loss in renal allograft recipients treated with intravenous erythromycin. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:879. Bizjak ED, Haug MT 3rd, Schilz RJ, et al. Intravenous azithromycin-induced ototoxicity. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19:245. Hajiioannou JK, Florou V, Kousoulis P, et al. Clarithromycin induced reversible sensorineural hearing loss. B-ENT 2011; 7:127. EES (erythromycin ethylsuccinate) granules for oral suspension and Ery-Ped (erythromycin ethylsuccinate) liquids. Safety labeling changes approved by FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) – January 2011 file://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm243753.htm (Accessed on March 21, 2011). Telithromycin (Ketek) for respiratory infections. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2004; 46:66. Perrot X, Bernard N, Vial C, et al. Myasthenia gravis exacerbation or unmasking associated with telithromycin treatment. Neurology 2006; 67:2256. Jennett AM, Bali D, Jasti P, et al. Telithromycin and myasthenic crisis. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:1621. Tintillier M, Kirch L, Almpanis C, et al. Telithromycin-induced acute interstitial nephritis: a first case report. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44:e25. Bertrand D. Importance of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the visual adverse effects associated with telithromycin. Biochem Pcol 2009; 78:922. Thomason AR, Waldrop BA, Price SO. Nortriptyline cardiac toxicity from a probable interaction with telithromycin. Hosp Pharm 2009; 44:397. Hung IF, Wu AK, Cheng VC, et al. Fatal interaction between clarithromycin and colchicine in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:291. Colcrys. file://www.colcrys.com/ (Accessed on May 24, 2012). Topic 474 Version 10.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1005-122.72.76.133-57BF54AE18-S244013.14]